Make exact beat calculation of tempi a bit less cumbersome. Move tempi on an audio...
[ardour.git] / libs / surfaces / generic_midi / midicontrollable.cc
index 33780eea3468e5f03f5a2fb5790a9868dece79b6..d99f319f65f73146c6d62b16cf55924d543de876 100644 (file)
 
 */
 
-#define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS 1
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <climits>
 #include <iostream>
 
 #include "pbd/error.h"
-#include "pbd/controllable_descriptor.h"
 #include "pbd/xml++.h"
+#include "pbd/stacktrace.h"
+#include "pbd/compose.h"
 
+#include "midi++/types.h" // Added by JE - 06-01-2009. All instances of 'byte' changed to 'MIDI::byte' (for clarification)
 #include "midi++/port.h"
 #include "midi++/channel.h"
 
+#include "ardour/async_midi_port.h"
 #include "ardour/automation_control.h"
+#include "ardour/controllable_descriptor.h"
+#include "ardour/midi_ui.h"
 #include "ardour/utils.h"
+#include "ardour/debug.h"
 
 #include "midicontrollable.h"
+#include "generic_midi_control_protocol.h"
 
 using namespace std;
 using namespace MIDI;
 using namespace PBD;
 using namespace ARDOUR;
 
-MIDIControllable::MIDIControllable (Port& p, bool m)
-       : controllable (0)
+MIDIControllable::MIDIControllable (GenericMidiControlProtocol* s, MIDI::Parser& p, bool m)
+       : _surface (s)
+       , controllable (0)
        , _descriptor (0)
-       , _port (p)
+       , _parser (p)
        , _momentary (m)
 {
        _learned = false; /* from URI */
+       _encoder = No_enc;
        setting = false;
        last_value = 0; // got a better idea ?
+       last_controllable_value = 0.0f;
        control_type = none;
+       control_rpn = -1;
+       control_nrpn = -1;
        _control_description = "MIDI Control: none";
-       control_additional = (byte) -1;
+       control_additional = (MIDI::byte) -1;
        feedback = true; // for now
 }
 
-MIDIControllable::MIDIControllable (Port& p, Controllable& c, bool m)
-       : controllable (&c)
+MIDIControllable::MIDIControllable (GenericMidiControlProtocol* s, MIDI::Parser& p, Controllable& c, bool m)
+       : _surface (s)
        , _descriptor (0)
-       , _port (p)
+       , _parser (p)
        , _momentary (m)
 {
+       set_controllable (&c);
+
        _learned = true; /* from controllable */
+       _encoder = No_enc;
        setting = false;
        last_value = 0; // got a better idea ?
+       last_controllable_value = 0.0f;
        control_type = none;
+       control_rpn = -1;
+       control_nrpn = -1;
        _control_description = "MIDI Control: none";
-       control_additional = (byte) -1;
+       control_additional = (MIDI::byte) -1;
        feedback = true; // for now
 }
 
@@ -100,14 +117,34 @@ void
 MIDIControllable::drop_external_control ()
 {
        midi_forget ();
+       control_rpn = -1;
+       control_nrpn = -1;
        control_type = none;
-       control_additional = (byte) -1;
+       control_additional = (MIDI::byte) -1;
 }
 
 void
 MIDIControllable::set_controllable (Controllable* c)
 {
+       if (c == controllable) {
+               return;
+       }
+
+       controllable_death_connection.disconnect ();
+
        controllable = c;
+
+       if (controllable) {
+               last_controllable_value = controllable->get_value();
+       } else {
+               last_controllable_value = 0.0f; // is there a better value?
+       }
+
+       if (controllable) {
+               controllable->Destroyed.connect (controllable_death_connection, MISSING_INVALIDATOR,
+                                                boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::drop_controllable, this, _1),
+                                                MidiControlUI::instance());
+       }
 }
 
 void
@@ -124,7 +161,7 @@ void
 MIDIControllable::learn_about_external_control ()
 {
        drop_external_control ();
-       _port.parser()->any.connect_same_thread (midi_learn_connection, boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::midi_receiver, this, _1, _2, _3));
+       _parser.any.connect_same_thread (midi_learn_connection, boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::midi_receiver, this, _1, _2, _3));
 }
 
 void
@@ -133,36 +170,67 @@ MIDIControllable::stop_learning ()
        midi_learn_connection.disconnect ();
 }
 
-float
+int
 MIDIControllable::control_to_midi (float val)
 {
-       const float midi_range = 127.0f; // TODO: NRPN etc.
-
         if (controllable->is_gain_like()) {
-                return gain_to_slider_position (val/midi_range);
+                return gain_to_slider_position (val) * max_value_for_type ();
         }
 
        float control_min = controllable->lower ();
        float control_max = controllable->upper ();
-       const float control_range = control_max - control_min;
+       float control_range = control_max - control_min;
 
-       return (val - control_min) / control_range * midi_range;
+       if (controllable->is_toggle()) {
+               if (val >= (control_min + (control_range/2.0f))) {
+                       return max_value_for_type();
+               } else {
+                       return 0;
+               }
+       } else {
+               AutomationControl *actl = dynamic_cast<AutomationControl*> (controllable);
+               if (actl) {
+                       control_min = actl->internal_to_interface(control_min);
+                       control_max = actl->internal_to_interface(control_max);
+                       control_range = control_max - control_min;
+                       val = actl->internal_to_interface(val);
+               }
+       }
+       // fiddle value of max so value doesn't jump from 125 to 127 for 1.0
+       // otherwise decrement won't work.
+       return (val - control_min) / control_range * (max_value_for_type () - 1);
 }
 
 float
-MIDIControllable::midi_to_control(float val)
+MIDIControllable::midi_to_control (int val)
 {
-       const float midi_range = 127.0f; // TODO: NRPN etc.
+       /* fiddle with MIDI value so that we get an odd number of integer steps
+               and can thus represent "middle" precisely as 0.5. this maps to
+               the range 0..+1.0 (0 to 126)
+       */
 
-        if (controllable->is_gain_like()) {
-                return slider_position_to_gain (val/midi_range);
-        }
+       float fv = (val == 0 ? 0 : float (val - 1) / (max_value_for_type() - 1));
+
+       if (controllable->is_gain_like()) {
+               return controllable->interface_to_internal (fv);
+       }
+       DEBUG_TRACE (DEBUG::GenericMidi, string_compose ("Raw value %1 float %2\n", val, fv));
 
        float control_min = controllable->lower ();
        float control_max = controllable->upper ();
-       const float control_range = control_max - control_min;
-
-       return  val / midi_range * control_range + control_min;
+       float control_range = control_max - control_min;
+       DEBUG_TRACE (DEBUG::GenericMidi, string_compose ("Min %1 Max %2 Range %3\n", control_min, control_max, control_range));
+
+       AutomationControl *actl = dynamic_cast<AutomationControl*> (controllable);
+       if (actl) {
+               if (fv == 0.f) return control_min;
+               if (fv == 1.f) return control_max;
+               control_min = actl->internal_to_interface(control_min);
+               control_max = actl->internal_to_interface(control_max);
+               control_range = control_max - control_min;
+               return actl->interface_to_internal((fv * control_range) + control_min);
+       }
+       return (fv * control_range) + control_min;
 }
 
 void
@@ -177,20 +245,51 @@ MIDIControllable::midi_sense_note_off (Parser &p, EventTwoBytes *tb)
        midi_sense_note (p, tb, false);
 }
 
+int
+MIDIControllable::lookup_controllable()
+{
+       if (!_descriptor) {
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       boost::shared_ptr<Controllable> c = _surface->lookup_controllable (*_descriptor);
+
+       if (!c) {
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       set_controllable (c.get ());
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
 void
-MIDIControllable::midi_sense_note (Parser &, EventTwoBytes *msg, bool /*is_on*/)
+MIDIControllable::drop_controllable (Controllable* c)
 {
-       if (!controllable) { 
-               return;
+       if (c == controllable) {
+               set_controllable (0);
        }
+}
 
+void
+MIDIControllable::midi_sense_note (Parser &, EventTwoBytes *msg, bool /*is_on*/)
+{
+       if (!controllable) {
+               if (lookup_controllable()) {
+                       return;
+               }
+       }
 
        if (!controllable->is_toggle()) {
-               controllable->set_value (msg->note_number/127.0);
+               if (control_additional == msg->note_number) {
+                       controllable->set_value (midi_to_control (msg->velocity), Controllable::NoGroup);
+                       DEBUG_TRACE (DEBUG::GenericMidi, string_compose ("Note %1 value %2  %3\n", (int) msg->note_number, (float) midi_to_control (msg->velocity), current_uri() ));
+               }
        } else {
-
                if (control_additional == msg->note_number) {
-                       controllable->set_value (controllable->get_value() > 0.5f ? 0.0f : 1.0f);
+                       float new_value = controllable->get_value() > 0.5f ? 0.0f : 1.0f;
+                       controllable->set_value (new_value, Controllable::NoGroup);
+                       DEBUG_TRACE (DEBUG::GenericMidi, string_compose ("Note %1 Value %2  %3\n", (int) msg->note_number, (float) new_value, current_uri()));
                }
        }
 
@@ -200,10 +299,14 @@ MIDIControllable::midi_sense_note (Parser &, EventTwoBytes *msg, bool /*is_on*/)
 void
 MIDIControllable::midi_sense_controller (Parser &, EventTwoBytes *msg)
 {
-       if (!controllable) { 
-               return;
+       if (!controllable) {
+               if (lookup_controllable ()) {
+                       return;
+               }
        }
 
+       assert (controllable);
+
        if (controllable->touching()) {
                return; // to prevent feedback fights when e.g. dragging a UI slider
        }
@@ -211,12 +314,88 @@ MIDIControllable::midi_sense_controller (Parser &, EventTwoBytes *msg)
        if (control_additional == msg->controller_number) {
 
                if (!controllable->is_toggle()) {
-                       controllable->set_value (midi_to_control (msg->value));
-               } else {
-                       if (msg->value > 64.0f) {
-                               controllable->set_value (1);
+                       if (get_encoder() == No_enc) {
+                               float new_value = msg->value;
+                               float max_value = max(last_controllable_value, new_value);
+                               float min_value = min(last_controllable_value, new_value);
+                               float range = max_value - min_value;
+                               float threshold = (float) _surface->threshold ();
+
+                               bool const in_sync = (
+                                       range < threshold &&
+                                       controllable->get_value() <= midi_to_control(max_value) &&
+                                       controllable->get_value() >= midi_to_control(min_value)
+                                       );
+
+                               /* If the surface is not motorised, we try to prevent jumps when
+                                  the MIDI controller and controllable are out of sync.
+                                  There might be a better way of doing this.
+                               */
+
+                               if (in_sync || _surface->motorised ()) {
+                                       controllable->set_value (midi_to_control (new_value), Controllable::NoGroup);
+                               }
+                               DEBUG_TRACE (DEBUG::GenericMidi, string_compose ("MIDI CC %1 value %2  %3\n", (int) msg->controller_number, (float) midi_to_control(new_value), current_uri() ));
+
+                               last_controllable_value = new_value;
                        } else {
-                               controllable->set_value (0);
+                               int offset = (msg->value & 0x3f);
+                               switch (get_encoder()) {
+                                       case Enc_L:
+                                               if (msg->value > 0x40) {
+                                                       controllable->set_value (midi_to_control (last_value - offset + 1), Controllable::NoGroup);
+                                               } else {
+                                                       controllable->set_value (midi_to_control (last_value + offset + 1), Controllable::NoGroup);
+                                               }
+                                               break;
+                                       case Enc_R:
+                                               if (msg->value > 0x40) {
+                                                       controllable->set_value (midi_to_control (last_value + offset + 1), Controllable::NoGroup);
+                                               } else {
+                                                       controllable->set_value (midi_to_control (last_value - offset + 1), Controllable::NoGroup);
+                                               }
+                                               break;
+                                       case Enc_2:
+                                               if (msg->value > 0x40) {
+                                                       controllable->set_value (midi_to_control (last_value - (0x7f - msg->value) + 1), Controllable::NoGroup);
+                                               } else {
+                                                       controllable->set_value (midi_to_control (last_value + offset + 1), Controllable::NoGroup);
+                                               }
+                                               break;
+                                       case Enc_B:
+                                               if (msg->value > 0x40) {
+                                                       controllable->set_value (midi_to_control (last_value + offset + 1), Controllable::NoGroup);
+                                               } else {
+                                                       controllable->set_value (midi_to_control (last_value - (0x40 - offset)), Controllable::NoGroup);
+                                               }
+                                               break;
+                                       default:
+                                               break;
+                               }
+                               DEBUG_TRACE (DEBUG::GenericMidi, string_compose ("MIDI CC %1 value %2  %3\n", (int) msg->controller_number, (int) last_value, current_uri() ));
+
+                       }
+               } else {
+
+                       /* toggle control: make the toggle flip only if the
+                        * incoming control value exceeds 0.5 (0x40), so that
+                        * the typical button which sends "CC N=0x7f" on press
+                        * and "CC N=0x0" on release can be used to drive
+                        * toggles on press.
+                        *
+                        * No other arrangement really makes sense for a toggle
+                        * controllable. Acting on the press+release makes the
+                        * action momentary, which is almost never
+                        * desirable. If the physical button only sends a
+                        * message on press (or release), then it will be
+                        * expected to send a controller value >= 0.5
+                        * (0x40). It is hard to imagine why anyone would make
+                        * a MIDI controller button that sent 0x0 when pressed.
+                        */
+
+                       if (msg->value >= 0x40) {
+                               controllable->set_value (controllable->get_value() >= 0.5 ? 0.0 : 1.0, Controllable::NoGroup);
+                               DEBUG_TRACE (DEBUG::GenericMidi, string_compose ("Midi CC %1 value 1  %2\n", (int) msg->controller_number, current_uri()));
                        }
                }
 
@@ -225,16 +404,23 @@ MIDIControllable::midi_sense_controller (Parser &, EventTwoBytes *msg)
 }
 
 void
-MIDIControllable::midi_sense_program_change (Parser &, byte msg)
+MIDIControllable::midi_sense_program_change (Parser &, MIDI::byte msg)
 {
-       if (!controllable) { 
-               return;
+       if (!controllable) {
+               if (lookup_controllable ()) {
+                       return;
+               }
        }
+       if (msg == control_additional) {
 
-       if (!controllable->is_toggle()) {
-               controllable->set_value (msg/127.0);
-       } else {
-               controllable->set_value (controllable->get_value() > 0.5f ? 0.0f : 1.0f);
+               if (!controllable->is_toggle()) {
+                       controllable->set_value (1.0, Controllable::NoGroup);
+                       DEBUG_TRACE (DEBUG::GenericMidi, string_compose ("MIDI program %1 value 1.0  %3\n", (int) msg, current_uri() ));
+               } else  {
+                       float new_value = controllable->get_value() > 0.5f ? 0.0f : 1.0f;
+                       controllable->set_value (new_value, Controllable::NoGroup);
+                       DEBUG_TRACE (DEBUG::GenericMidi, string_compose ("MIDI program %1 value %2  %3\n", (int) msg, (float) new_value, current_uri()));
+               }
        }
 
        last_value = (MIDI::byte) (controllable->get_value() * 127.0); // to prevent feedback fights
@@ -243,22 +429,30 @@ MIDIControllable::midi_sense_program_change (Parser &, byte msg)
 void
 MIDIControllable::midi_sense_pitchbend (Parser &, pitchbend_t pb)
 {
-       if (!controllable) { 
-               return;
+       if (!controllable) {
+               if (lookup_controllable ()) {
+                       return;
+               }
        }
 
        if (!controllable->is_toggle()) {
-               /* XXX gack - get rid of assumption about typeof pitchbend_t */
-               controllable->set_value ((pb/(float) SHRT_MAX));
+               controllable->set_value (midi_to_control (pb), Controllable::NoGroup);
+               DEBUG_TRACE (DEBUG::GenericMidi, string_compose ("MIDI pitchbend %1 value %2  %3\n", (int) control_channel, (float) midi_to_control (pb), current_uri() ));
        } else {
-               controllable->set_value (controllable->get_value() > 0.5f ? 0.0f : 1.0f);
+               if (pb > 8065.0f) {
+                       controllable->set_value (1, Controllable::NoGroup);
+                       DEBUG_TRACE (DEBUG::GenericMidi, string_compose ("Midi pitchbend %1 value 1  %2\n", (int) control_channel, current_uri()));
+               } else {
+                       controllable->set_value (0, Controllable::NoGroup);
+                       DEBUG_TRACE (DEBUG::GenericMidi, string_compose ("Midi pitchbend %1 value 0  %2\n", (int) control_channel, current_uri()));
+               }
        }
 
-       last_value = (MIDI::byte) (controllable->get_value() * 127.0); // to prevent feedback fights
+       last_value = control_to_midi (controllable->get_value ());
 }
 
 void
-MIDIControllable::midi_receiver (Parser &, byte *msg, size_t /*len*/)
+MIDIControllable::midi_receiver (Parser &, MIDI::byte *msg, size_t /*len*/)
 {
        /* we only respond to channel messages */
 
@@ -266,15 +460,94 @@ MIDIControllable::midi_receiver (Parser &, byte *msg, size_t /*len*/)
                return;
        }
 
-       /* if the our port doesn't do input anymore, forget it ... */
+       _surface->check_used_event(msg[0], msg[1]);
+       bind_midi ((channel_t) (msg[0] & 0xf), eventType (msg[0] & 0xF0), msg[1]);
 
-       if (!_port.parser()) {
-               return;
+       if (controllable) {
+               controllable->LearningFinished ();
        }
+}
 
-       bind_midi ((channel_t) (msg[0] & 0xf), eventType (msg[0] & 0xF0), msg[1]);
+void
+MIDIControllable::rpn_value_change (Parser&, uint16_t rpn, float val)
+{
+       if (control_rpn == rpn) {
+               if (controllable) {
+                       controllable->set_value (val, Controllable::NoGroup);
+               }
+       }
+}
 
-       controllable->LearningFinished ();
+void
+MIDIControllable::nrpn_value_change (Parser&, uint16_t nrpn, float val)
+{
+       if (control_nrpn == nrpn) {
+               if (controllable) {
+                       controllable->set_value (val, Controllable::NoGroup);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+void
+MIDIControllable::rpn_change (Parser&, uint16_t rpn, int dir)
+{
+       if (control_rpn == rpn) {
+               if (controllable) {
+                       /* XXX how to increment/decrement ? */
+                       // controllable->set_value (val);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+void
+MIDIControllable::nrpn_change (Parser&, uint16_t nrpn, int dir)
+{
+       if (control_nrpn == nrpn) {
+               if (controllable) {
+                       /* XXX how to increment/decrement ? */
+                       // controllable->set_value (val);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+void
+MIDIControllable::bind_rpn_value (channel_t chn, uint16_t rpn)
+{
+       int chn_i = chn;
+       drop_external_control ();
+       control_rpn = rpn;
+       control_channel = chn;
+       _parser.channel_rpn[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[0], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::rpn_value_change, this, _1, _2, _3));
+}
+
+void
+MIDIControllable::bind_nrpn_value (channel_t chn, uint16_t nrpn)
+{
+       int chn_i = chn;
+       drop_external_control ();
+       control_nrpn = nrpn;
+       control_channel = chn;
+       _parser.channel_nrpn[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[0], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::rpn_value_change, this, _1, _2, _3));
+}
+
+void
+MIDIControllable::bind_nrpn_change (channel_t chn, uint16_t nrpn)
+{
+       int chn_i = chn;
+       drop_external_control ();
+       control_nrpn = nrpn;
+       control_channel = chn;
+       _parser.channel_nrpn_change[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[0], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::rpn_change, this, _1, _2, _3));
+}
+
+void
+MIDIControllable::bind_rpn_change (channel_t chn, uint16_t rpn)
+{
+       int chn_i = chn;
+       drop_external_control ();
+       control_rpn = rpn;
+       control_channel = chn;
+       _parser.channel_rpn_change[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[0], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::nrpn_change, this, _1, _2, _3));
 }
 
 void
@@ -288,99 +561,152 @@ MIDIControllable::bind_midi (channel_t chn, eventType ev, MIDI::byte additional)
        control_channel = chn;
        control_additional = additional;
 
-       if (_port.parser() == 0) {
-               return;
-       }
-
-       Parser& p = *_port.parser();
-
        int chn_i = chn;
        switch (ev) {
        case MIDI::off:
-               p.channel_note_off[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[0], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::midi_sense_note_off, this, _1, _2));
+               _parser.channel_note_off[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[0], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::midi_sense_note_off, this, _1, _2));
 
                /* if this is a togglee, connect to noteOn as well,
                   and we'll toggle back and forth between the two.
                */
 
                if (_momentary) {
-                       p.channel_note_on[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[1], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::midi_sense_note_on, this, _1, _2));
-               } 
+                       _parser.channel_note_on[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[1], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::midi_sense_note_on, this, _1, _2));
+               }
 
                _control_description = "MIDI control: NoteOff";
                break;
 
        case MIDI::on:
-               p.channel_note_on[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[0], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::midi_sense_note_on, this, _1, _2));
+               _parser.channel_note_on[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[0], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::midi_sense_note_on, this, _1, _2));
                if (_momentary) {
-                       p.channel_note_off[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[1], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::midi_sense_note_off, this, _1, _2));
+                       _parser.channel_note_off[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[1], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::midi_sense_note_off, this, _1, _2));
                }
                _control_description = "MIDI control: NoteOn";
                break;
-               
+
        case MIDI::controller:
-               p.channel_controller[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[0], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::midi_sense_controller, this, _1, _2));
+               _parser.channel_controller[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[0], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::midi_sense_controller, this, _1, _2));
                snprintf (buf, sizeof (buf), "MIDI control: Controller %d", control_additional);
                _control_description = buf;
                break;
 
        case MIDI::program:
-               p.channel_program_change[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[0], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::midi_sense_program_change, this, _1, _2));
+               _parser.channel_program_change[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[0], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::midi_sense_program_change, this, _1, _2));
                _control_description = "MIDI control: ProgramChange";
                break;
 
        case MIDI::pitchbend:
-               p.channel_pitchbend[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[0], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::midi_sense_pitchbend, this, _1, _2));
+               _parser.channel_pitchbend[chn_i].connect_same_thread (midi_sense_connection[0], boost::bind (&MIDIControllable::midi_sense_pitchbend, this, _1, _2));
                _control_description = "MIDI control: Pitchbend";
                break;
 
        default:
                break;
        }
+       DEBUG_TRACE (DEBUG::GenericMidi, string_compose ("Controlable: bind_midi: %1 on Channel %2 value %3 \n", _control_description, chn_i + 1, (int) additional));
 }
 
-void
-MIDIControllable::send_feedback ()
+MIDI::byte*
+MIDIControllable::write_feedback (MIDI::byte* buf, int32_t& bufsize, bool /*force*/)
 {
-       byte msg[3];
-
-       if (!_learned || setting || !feedback || control_type == none) {
-               return;
+       if (!controllable || !feedback) {
+               return buf;
        }
 
-       msg[0] = (control_type & 0xF0) | (control_channel & 0xF);
-       msg[1] = control_additional;
+       float val = controllable->get_value ();
 
-       if (controllable->is_gain_like()) {
-               msg[2] = (byte) lrintf (gain_to_slider_position (controllable->get_value()) * 127.0f);
-       } else {
-               msg[2] = (byte) (control_to_midi(controllable->get_value()));
+       /* Note that when sending RPN/NPRN we do two things:
+        *
+        * always send MSB first, then LSB
+        * null/reset the parameter ID after sending.
+        *
+        * this follows recommendations found online, eg. http://www.philrees.co.uk/nrpnq.htm
+        */
+
+       if (control_rpn >= 0) {
+               if (bufsize < 13) {
+                       return buf;
+               }
+               int rpn_val = (int) lrintf (val * 16384.0);
+               if (last_value == rpn_val) {
+                       return buf;
+               }
+               *buf++ = (0xb0) | control_channel;
+               *buf++ = 0x62;
+               *buf++ = (int) ((control_rpn) >> 7);
+               *buf++ = 0x63;
+               *buf++ = (int) (control_rpn & 0x7f);
+               *buf++ = 0x06;
+               *buf++ = (int) (rpn_val >> 7);
+               *buf++ = 0x26;
+               *buf++ = (int) (rpn_val & 0x7f);
+               *buf++ = 0x62;
+               *buf++ = 0x7f;
+               *buf++ = 0x63;
+               *buf++ = 0x7f;
+               bufsize -= 13;
+               last_value = rpn_val;
+               DEBUG_TRACE (DEBUG::GenericMidi, string_compose ("MIDI out: RPN %1 Channel %2 Value %3\n", control_rpn, (int) control_channel, val));
+               return buf;
        }
 
-       _port.write (msg, 3, 0);
-}
+       if (control_nrpn >= 0) {
+               int rpn_val = (int) lrintf (val * 16384.0);
+               if (last_value == rpn_val) {
+                       return buf;
+               }
+               *buf++ = (0xb0) | control_channel;
+               *buf++ = 0x64;
+               *buf++ = (int) ((control_rpn) >> 7);
+               *buf++ = 0x65;
+               *buf++ = (int) (control_rpn & 0x7f);
+               *buf++ = 0x06;
+               *buf++ = (int) (rpn_val >> 7);
+               *buf++ = 0x26;
+               *buf++ = (int) (rpn_val & 0x7f);
+               *buf++ = 0x64;
+               *buf++ = 0x7f;
+               *buf++ = 0x65;
+               *buf++ = 0x7f;
+               last_value = rpn_val;
+               bufsize -= 13;
+               DEBUG_TRACE (DEBUG::GenericMidi, string_compose ("MIDI out: NRPN %1 Channel %2 Value %3\n", control_nrpn, (int) control_channel, val));
+               return buf;
+       }
 
-MIDI::byte*
-MIDIControllable::write_feedback (MIDI::byte* buf, int32_t& bufsize, bool /*force*/)
-{
-       if (control_type != none && feedback && bufsize > 2) {
+       if (control_type == none || bufsize <= 2) {
+               return buf;
+       }
 
-               MIDI::byte gm;
+       int const gm = control_to_midi (val);
 
-               if (controllable->is_gain_like()) {
-                       gm = (byte) lrintf (gain_to_slider_position (controllable->get_value()) * 127.0f);
-               } else {
-                       gm = (byte) (control_to_midi(controllable->get_value()));
-               }
+       if (gm == last_value) {
+               return buf;
+       }
 
-               if (gm != last_value) {
-                       *buf++ = (0xF0 & control_type) | (0xF & control_channel);
-                       *buf++ = control_additional; /* controller number */
-                       *buf++ = gm;
-                       last_value = gm;
-                       bufsize -= 3;
-               }
+        DEBUG_TRACE (DEBUG::GenericMidi, string_compose ("Feedback: %1 %2\n", control_description(), current_uri()));
+
+       *buf++ = (0xF0 & control_type) | (0xF & control_channel);
+       int ev_size = 3;
+       switch (control_type) {
+       case MIDI::pitchbend:
+               *buf++ = int (gm) & 127;
+               *buf++ = (int (gm) >> 7) & 127;
+               break;
+       case MIDI::program:
+               *buf++ = control_additional; /* program number */
+               ev_size = 2;
+               break;
+       default:
+               *buf++ = control_additional; /* controller number */
+               *buf++ = gm;
+               break;
        }
+       DEBUG_TRACE (DEBUG::GenericMidi, string_compose ("MIDI out: Type %1 Channel %2 Bytes %3 %4\n", (int) control_type, (int) control_channel , (int) *(buf - 2), (int) *(buf - 1)));
+
+       last_value = gm;
+       bufsize -= ev_size;
 
        return buf;
 }
@@ -430,9 +756,11 @@ MIDIControllable::get_state ()
 
        XMLNode* node = new XMLNode ("MIDIControllable");
 
-       if (!_current_uri.empty()) {
+       if (_current_uri.empty()) {
+                node->add_property ("id", controllable->id().to_s());
+       } else {
                node->add_property ("uri", _current_uri);
-       }
+        }
 
        if (controllable) {
                snprintf (buf, sizeof(buf), "0x%x", (int) control_type);
@@ -447,3 +775,17 @@ MIDIControllable::get_state ()
        return *node;
 }
 
+/** @return the maximum value for a control value transmitted
+ *  using a given MIDI::eventType.
+ */
+int
+MIDIControllable::max_value_for_type () const
+{
+       /* XXX: this is not complete */
+
+       if (control_type == MIDI::pitchbend) {
+               return 16383;
+       }
+
+       return 127;
+}