Bv2.1 8.7: CPLs with encrypted content must be signed.
[libdcp.git] / src / verify.cc
index eec63d511b01536032b071bad4eb9f4c0d72ff16..3f15668fcf88b9a591778b011be73d3c7237c74c 100644 (file)
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-    Copyright (C) 2018-2020 Carl Hetherington <cth@carlh.net>
+    Copyright (C) 2018-2021 Carl Hetherington <cth@carlh.net>
 
     This file is part of libdcp.
 
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include "dcp.h"
 #include "cpl.h"
 #include "reel.h"
+#include "reel_closed_caption_asset.h"
 #include "reel_picture_asset.h"
 #include "reel_sound_asset.h"
 #include "reel_subtitle_asset.h"
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@
 #include "exceptions.h"
 #include "compose.hpp"
 #include "raw_convert.h"
+#include "reel_markers_asset.h"
 #include "smpte_subtitle_asset.h"
 #include <xercesc/util/PlatformUtils.hpp>
 #include <xercesc/parsers/XercesDOMParser.hpp>
 #include <xercesc/framework/LocalFileInputSource.hpp>
 #include <xercesc/framework/MemBufInputSource.hpp>
 #include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>
-#include <boost/foreach.hpp>
 #include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
 #include <map>
-#include <list>
 #include <vector>
 #include <iostream>
 
@@ -79,7 +79,9 @@ using std::string;
 using std::cout;
 using std::map;
 using std::max;
+using std::set;
 using std::shared_ptr;
+using std::make_shared;
 using boost::optional;
 using boost::function;
 using std::dynamic_pointer_cast;
@@ -232,8 +234,8 @@ public:
                if (!system_id) {
                        return 0;
                }
-               string system_id_str = xml_ch_to_string (system_id);
-               boost::filesystem::path p = _xsd_dtd_directory;
+               auto system_id_str = xml_ch_to_string (system_id);
+               auto p = _xsd_dtd_directory;
                if (_files.find(system_id_str) == _files.end()) {
                        p /= system_id_str;
                } else {
@@ -262,7 +264,7 @@ parse (XercesDOMParser& parser, boost::filesystem::path xml)
 
 
 static void
-parse (XercesDOMParser& parser, std::string xml)
+parse (XercesDOMParser& parser, string xml)
 {
        xercesc::MemBufInputSource buf(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char const*>(xml.c_str()), xml.size(), "");
        parser.parse(buf);
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@ parse (XercesDOMParser& parser, std::string xml)
 
 template <class T>
 void
-validate_xml (T xml, boost::filesystem::path xsd_dtd_directory, list<VerificationNote>& notes)
+validate_xml (T xml, boost::filesystem::path xsd_dtd_directory, vector<VerificationNote>& notes)
 {
        try {
                XMLPlatformUtils::Initialize ();
@@ -315,7 +317,7 @@ validate_xml (T xml, boost::filesystem::path xsd_dtd_directory, list<Verificatio
                 * they describe are not checked.
                 */
                string locations;
-               BOOST_FOREACH (string i, schema) {
+               for (auto i: schema) {
                        locations += String::compose("%1 %1 ", i, i);
                }
 
@@ -340,7 +342,7 @@ validate_xml (T xml, boost::filesystem::path xsd_dtd_directory, list<Verificatio
 
        XMLPlatformUtils::Terminate ();
 
-       BOOST_FOREACH (XMLValidationError i, error_handler.errors()) {
+       for (auto i: error_handler.errors()) {
                notes.push_back (
                        VerificationNote(
                                VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR,
@@ -364,16 +366,16 @@ enum VerifyAssetResult {
 static VerifyAssetResult
 verify_asset (shared_ptr<const DCP> dcp, shared_ptr<const ReelMXF> reel_mxf, function<void (float)> progress)
 {
-       string const actual_hash = reel_mxf->asset_ref()->hash(progress);
+       auto const actual_hash = reel_mxf->asset_ref()->hash(progress);
 
-       list<shared_ptr<PKL> > pkls = dcp->pkls();
+       auto pkls = dcp->pkls();
        /* We've read this DCP in so it must have at least one PKL */
        DCP_ASSERT (!pkls.empty());
 
-       shared_ptr<Asset> asset = reel_mxf->asset_ref().asset();
+       auto asset = reel_mxf->asset_ref().asset();
 
        optional<string> pkl_hash;
-       BOOST_FOREACH (shared_ptr<PKL> i, pkls) {
+       for (auto i: pkls) {
                pkl_hash = i->hash (reel_mxf->asset_ref()->id());
                if (pkl_hash) {
                        break;
@@ -382,7 +384,7 @@ verify_asset (shared_ptr<const DCP> dcp, shared_ptr<const ReelMXF> reel_mxf, fun
 
        DCP_ASSERT (pkl_hash);
 
-       optional<string> cpl_hash = reel_mxf->hash();
+       auto cpl_hash = reel_mxf->hash();
        if (cpl_hash && *cpl_hash != *pkl_hash) {
                return VERIFY_ASSET_RESULT_CPL_PKL_DIFFER;
        }
@@ -396,7 +398,7 @@ verify_asset (shared_ptr<const DCP> dcp, shared_ptr<const ReelMXF> reel_mxf, fun
 
 
 void
-verify_language_tag (string tag, list<VerificationNote>& notes)
+verify_language_tag (string tag, vector<VerificationNote>& notes)
 {
        try {
                dcp::LanguageTag test (tag);
@@ -429,16 +431,16 @@ biggest_frame_size (shared_ptr<const StereoPictureFrame> frame)
 
 template <class A, class R, class F>
 optional<VerifyPictureAssetResult>
-verify_picture_asset_type (shared_ptr<ReelMXF> reel_mxf, function<void (float)> progress)
+verify_picture_asset_type (shared_ptr<const ReelMXF> reel_mxf, function<void (float)> progress)
 {
-       shared_ptr<A> asset = dynamic_pointer_cast<A>(reel_mxf->asset_ref().asset());
+       auto asset = dynamic_pointer_cast<A>(reel_mxf->asset_ref().asset());
        if (!asset) {
                return optional<VerifyPictureAssetResult>();
        }
 
        int biggest_frame = 0;
-       shared_ptr<R> reader = asset->start_read ();
-       int64_t const duration = asset->intrinsic_duration ();
+       auto reader = asset->start_read ();
+       auto const duration = asset->intrinsic_duration ();
        for (int64_t i = 0; i < duration; ++i) {
                shared_ptr<const F> frame = reader->get_frame (i);
                biggest_frame = max(biggest_frame, biggest_frame_size(frame));
@@ -458,9 +460,9 @@ verify_picture_asset_type (shared_ptr<ReelMXF> reel_mxf, function<void (float)>
 
 
 static VerifyPictureAssetResult
-verify_picture_asset (shared_ptr<ReelMXF> reel_mxf, function<void (float)> progress)
+verify_picture_asset (shared_ptr<const ReelMXF> reel_mxf, function<void (float)> progress)
 {
-       optional<VerifyPictureAssetResult> r = verify_picture_asset_type<MonoPictureAsset, MonoPictureAssetReader, MonoPictureFrame>(reel_mxf, progress);
+       auto r = verify_picture_asset_type<MonoPictureAsset, MonoPictureAssetReader, MonoPictureFrame>(reel_mxf, progress);
        if (!r) {
                r = verify_picture_asset_type<StereoPictureAsset, StereoPictureAssetReader, StereoPictureFrame>(reel_mxf, progress);
        }
@@ -473,15 +475,16 @@ verify_picture_asset (shared_ptr<ReelMXF> reel_mxf, function<void (float)> progr
 static void
 verify_main_picture_asset (
        shared_ptr<const DCP> dcp,
-       shared_ptr<const Reel> reel,
+       shared_ptr<const ReelPictureAsset> reel_asset,
        function<void (string, optional<boost::filesystem::path>)> stage,
        function<void (float)> progress,
-       list<VerificationNote>& notes
+       vector<VerificationNote>& notes
        )
 {
-       boost::filesystem::path const file = *reel->main_picture()->asset()->file();
+       auto asset = reel_asset->asset();
+       auto const file = *asset->file();
        stage ("Checking picture asset hash", file);
-       VerifyAssetResult const r = verify_asset (dcp, reel->main_picture(), progress);
+       auto const r = verify_asset (dcp, reel_asset, progress);
        switch (r) {
                case VERIFY_ASSET_RESULT_BAD:
                        notes.push_back (
@@ -493,48 +496,106 @@ verify_main_picture_asset (
                case VERIFY_ASSET_RESULT_CPL_PKL_DIFFER:
                        notes.push_back (
                                VerificationNote(
-                                       VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::PKL_CPL_PICTURE_HASHES_DISAGREE, file
+                                       VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::PKL_CPL_PICTURE_HASHES_DIFFER, file
                                        )
                                );
                        break;
                default:
                        break;
        }
-       stage ("Checking picture frame sizes", reel->main_picture()->asset()->file());
-       VerifyPictureAssetResult const pr = verify_picture_asset (reel->main_picture(), progress);
+       stage ("Checking picture frame sizes", asset->file());
+       auto const pr = verify_picture_asset (reel_asset, progress);
        switch (pr) {
                case VERIFY_PICTURE_ASSET_RESULT_BAD:
                        notes.push_back (
                                VerificationNote(
-                                       VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::PICTURE_FRAME_TOO_LARGE, file
+                                       VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::PICTURE_FRAME_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES, file
                                        )
                                );
                        break;
                case VERIFY_PICTURE_ASSET_RESULT_FRAME_NEARLY_TOO_LARGE:
                        notes.push_back (
                                VerificationNote(
-                                       VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::PICTURE_FRAME_NEARLY_TOO_LARGE, file
+                                       VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::PICTURE_FRAME_NEARLY_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES, file
                                        )
                                );
                        break;
                default:
                        break;
        }
+
+       /* Only flat/scope allowed by Bv2.1 */
+       if (
+               asset->size() != dcp::Size(2048, 858) &&
+               asset->size() != dcp::Size(1998, 1080) &&
+               asset->size() != dcp::Size(4096, 1716) &&
+               asset->size() != dcp::Size(3996, 2160)) {
+               notes.push_back(
+                       VerificationNote(
+                               VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR,
+                               VerificationNote::PICTURE_ASSET_INVALID_SIZE_IN_PIXELS,
+                               String::compose("%1x%2", asset->size().width, asset->size().height),
+                               file
+                               )
+                       );
+       }
+
+       /* Only 24, 25, 48fps allowed for 2K */
+       if (
+               (asset->size() == dcp::Size(2048, 858) || asset->size() == dcp::Size(1998, 1080)) &&
+               (asset->edit_rate() != dcp::Fraction(24, 1) && asset->edit_rate() != dcp::Fraction(25, 1) && asset->edit_rate() != dcp::Fraction(48, 1))
+          ) {
+               notes.push_back(
+                       VerificationNote(
+                               VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR,
+                               VerificationNote::PICTURE_ASSET_INVALID_FRAME_RATE_FOR_2K,
+                               String::compose("%1/%2", asset->edit_rate().numerator, asset->edit_rate().denominator),
+                               file
+                               )
+                       );
+       }
+
+       if (asset->size() == dcp::Size(4096, 1716) || asset->size() == dcp::Size(3996, 2160)) {
+               /* Only 24fps allowed for 4K */
+               if (asset->edit_rate() != dcp::Fraction(24, 1)) {
+                       notes.push_back(
+                               VerificationNote(
+                                       VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR,
+                                       VerificationNote::PICTURE_ASSET_INVALID_FRAME_RATE_FOR_4K,
+                                       String::compose("%1/%2", asset->edit_rate().numerator, asset->edit_rate().denominator),
+                                       file
+                                       )
+                               );
+               }
+
+               /* Only 2D allowed for 4K */
+               if (dynamic_pointer_cast<const StereoPictureAsset>(asset)) {
+                       notes.push_back(
+                               VerificationNote(
+                                       VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR,
+                                       VerificationNote::PICTURE_ASSET_4K_3D,
+                                       file
+                                       )
+                               );
+
+               }
+       }
+
 }
 
 
 static void
 verify_main_sound_asset (
        shared_ptr<const DCP> dcp,
-       shared_ptr<const Reel> reel,
+       shared_ptr<const ReelSoundAsset> reel_asset,
        function<void (string, optional<boost::filesystem::path>)> stage,
        function<void (float)> progress,
-       list<VerificationNote>& notes
+       vector<VerificationNote>& notes
        )
 {
-       shared_ptr<dcp::SoundAsset> asset = reel->main_sound()->asset();
+       auto asset = reel_asset->asset();
        stage ("Checking sound asset hash", asset->file());
-       VerifyAssetResult const r = verify_asset (dcp, reel->main_sound(), progress);
+       auto const r = verify_asset (dcp, reel_asset, progress);
        switch (r) {
                case VERIFY_ASSET_RESULT_BAD:
                        notes.push_back (
@@ -546,7 +607,7 @@ verify_main_sound_asset (
                case VERIFY_ASSET_RESULT_CPL_PKL_DIFFER:
                        notes.push_back (
                                VerificationNote(
-                                       VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::PKL_CPL_SOUND_HASHES_DISAGREE, *asset->file()
+                                       VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::PKL_CPL_SOUND_HASHES_DIFFER, *asset->file()
                                        )
                                );
                        break;
@@ -557,44 +618,450 @@ verify_main_sound_asset (
        stage ("Checking sound asset metadata", asset->file());
 
        verify_language_tag (asset->language(), notes);
+       if (asset->sampling_rate() != 48000) {
+               notes.push_back (
+                       VerificationNote(
+                               VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::INVALID_SOUND_FRAME_RATE, *asset->file()
+                               )
+                       );
+       }
 }
 
 
 static void
-verify_main_subtitle_reel (shared_ptr<const ReelSubtitleAsset> reel_asset, list<VerificationNote>& notes)
+verify_main_subtitle_reel (shared_ptr<const ReelSubtitleAsset> reel_asset, vector<VerificationNote>& notes)
 {
        /* XXX: is Language compulsory? */
        if (reel_asset->language()) {
                verify_language_tag (*reel_asset->language(), notes);
        }
+
+       if (!reel_asset->entry_point()) {
+               notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_SUBTITLE_ENTRY_POINT });
+       } else if (reel_asset->entry_point().get()) {
+               notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_ENTRY_POINT_NON_ZERO });
+       }
 }
 
 
 static void
-verify_main_subtitle_asset (
-       shared_ptr<const Reel> reel,
+verify_closed_caption_reel (shared_ptr<const ReelClosedCaptionAsset> reel_asset, vector<VerificationNote>& notes)
+{
+       /* XXX: is Language compulsory? */
+       if (reel_asset->language()) {
+               verify_language_tag (*reel_asset->language(), notes);
+       }
+
+       if (!reel_asset->entry_point()) {
+               notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_CLOSED_CAPTION_ENTRY_POINT });
+       } else if (reel_asset->entry_point().get()) {
+               notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::CLOSED_CAPTION_ENTRY_POINT_NON_ZERO });
+       }
+}
+
+
+struct State
+{
+       boost::optional<string> subtitle_language;
+};
+
+
+
+void
+verify_smpte_subtitle_asset (
+       shared_ptr<const dcp::SMPTESubtitleAsset> asset,
+       vector<VerificationNote>& notes,
+       State& state
+       )
+{
+       if (asset->language()) {
+               auto const language = *asset->language();
+               verify_language_tag (language, notes);
+               if (!state.subtitle_language) {
+                       state.subtitle_language = language;
+               } else if (state.subtitle_language != language) {
+                       notes.push_back (
+                               VerificationNote(
+                                       VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_LANGUAGES_DIFFER, *asset->file()
+                                       )
+                               );
+               }
+       } else {
+               notes.push_back (
+                       VerificationNote(
+                               VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_SUBTITLE_LANGUAGE, *asset->file()
+                               )
+                       );
+       }
+       if (boost::filesystem::file_size(*asset->file()) > 115 * 1024 * 1024) {
+               notes.push_back (
+                       VerificationNote(
+                               VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::TIMED_TEXT_ASSET_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES, *asset->file()
+                               )
+                       );
+       }
+       /* XXX: I'm not sure what Bv2.1_7.2.1 means when it says "the font resource shall not be larger than 10MB"
+        * but I'm hoping that checking for the total size of all fonts being <= 10MB will do.
+        */
+       auto fonts = asset->font_data ();
+       int total_size = 0;
+       for (auto i: fonts) {
+               total_size += i.second.size();
+       }
+       if (total_size > 10 * 1024 * 1024) {
+               notes.push_back (
+                       VerificationNote(
+                               VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::TIMED_TEXT_FONTS_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES, *asset->file()
+                               )
+                       );
+       }
+
+       if (!asset->start_time()) {
+               notes.push_back (
+                       VerificationNote(
+                               VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_SUBTITLE_START_TIME, *asset->file())
+                       );
+       } else if (asset->start_time() != dcp::Time()) {
+               notes.push_back (
+                       VerificationNote(
+                               VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_START_TIME_NON_ZERO, *asset->file())
+                       );
+       }
+}
+
+
+static void
+verify_subtitle_asset (
+       shared_ptr<const SubtitleAsset> asset,
        function<void (string, optional<boost::filesystem::path>)> stage,
        boost::filesystem::path xsd_dtd_directory,
-       list<VerificationNote>& notes
+       vector<VerificationNote>& notes,
+       State& state
        )
 {
-       shared_ptr<SubtitleAsset> asset = reel->main_subtitle()->asset();
        stage ("Checking subtitle XML", asset->file());
        /* Note: we must not use SubtitleAsset::xml_as_string() here as that will mean the data on disk
         * gets passed through libdcp which may clean up and therefore hide errors.
         */
        validate_xml (asset->raw_xml(), xsd_dtd_directory, notes);
 
-       shared_ptr<SMPTESubtitleAsset> smpte = dynamic_pointer_cast<SMPTESubtitleAsset>(asset);
+       auto smpte = dynamic_pointer_cast<const SMPTESubtitleAsset>(asset);
        if (smpte) {
-               if (smpte->language()) {
-                       verify_language_tag (*smpte->language(), notes);
+               verify_smpte_subtitle_asset (smpte, notes, state);
+       }
+}
+
+
+static void
+verify_closed_caption_asset (
+       shared_ptr<const SubtitleAsset> asset,
+       function<void (string, optional<boost::filesystem::path>)> stage,
+       boost::filesystem::path xsd_dtd_directory,
+       vector<VerificationNote>& notes,
+       State& state
+       )
+{
+       verify_subtitle_asset (asset, stage, xsd_dtd_directory, notes, state);
+
+       if (asset->raw_xml().size() > 256 * 1024) {
+               notes.push_back (
+                       VerificationNote(
+                               VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::CLOSED_CAPTION_XML_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES, *asset->file()
+                               )
+                       );
+       }
+}
+
+
+static
+void
+check_text_timing (
+       vector<shared_ptr<dcp::Reel>> reels,
+       optional<int> picture_frame_rate,
+       vector<VerificationNote>& notes,
+       std::function<bool (shared_ptr<dcp::Reel>)> check,
+       std::function<string (shared_ptr<dcp::Reel>)> xml,
+       std::function<int64_t (shared_ptr<dcp::Reel>)> duration
+       )
+{
+       /* end of last subtitle (in editable units) */
+       optional<int64_t> last_out;
+       auto too_short = false;
+       auto too_close = false;
+       auto too_early = false;
+       /* current reel start time (in editable units) */
+       int64_t reel_offset = 0;
+
+       std::function<void (cxml::ConstNodePtr, int, int, bool)> parse;
+       parse = [&parse, &last_out, &too_short, &too_close, &too_early, &reel_offset](cxml::ConstNodePtr node, int tcr, int pfr, bool first_reel) {
+               if (node->name() == "Subtitle") {
+                       dcp::Time in (node->string_attribute("TimeIn"), tcr);
+                       dcp::Time out (node->string_attribute("TimeOut"), tcr);
+                       if (first_reel && in < dcp::Time(0, 0, 4, 0, tcr)) {
+                               too_early = true;
+                       }
+                       auto length = out - in;
+                       if (length.as_editable_units(pfr) < 15) {
+                               too_short = true;
+                       }
+                       if (last_out) {
+                               /* XXX: this feels dubious - is it really what Bv2.1 means? */
+                               auto distance = reel_offset + in.as_editable_units(pfr) - *last_out;
+                               if (distance >= 0 && distance < 2) {
+                                       too_close = true;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       last_out = reel_offset + out.as_editable_units(pfr);
+               } else {
+                       for (auto i: node->node_children()) {
+                               parse(i, tcr, pfr, first_reel);
+                       }
                }
+       };
+
+       for (auto i = 0U; i < reels.size(); ++i) {
+               if (!check(reels[i])) {
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               /* We need to look at <Subtitle> instances in the XML being checked, so we can't use the subtitles
+                * read in by libdcp's parser.
+                */
+
+               auto doc = make_shared<cxml::Document>("SubtitleReel");
+               doc->read_string (xml(reels[i]));
+               auto const tcr = doc->number_child<int>("TimeCodeRate");
+               parse (doc, tcr, picture_frame_rate.get_value_or(24), i == 0);
+               reel_offset += duration(reels[i]);
+       }
+
+       if (too_early) {
+               notes.push_back(
+                       VerificationNote(
+                               VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::FIRST_TEXT_TOO_EARLY
+                               )
+                       );
+       }
+
+       if (too_short) {
+               notes.push_back (
+                       VerificationNote(
+                               VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_TOO_SHORT
+                               )
+                       );
+       }
+
+       if (too_close) {
+               notes.push_back (
+                       VerificationNote(
+                               VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_TOO_CLOSE
+                               )
+                       );
+       }
+}
+
+
+struct LinesCharactersResult
+{
+       bool warning_length_exceeded = false;
+       bool error_length_exceeded = false;
+       bool line_count_exceeded = false;
+};
+
+
+static
+void
+check_text_lines_and_characters (
+       shared_ptr<SubtitleAsset> asset,
+       int warning_length,
+       int error_length,
+       LinesCharactersResult* result
+       )
+{
+       class Event
+       {
+       public:
+               Event (dcp::Time time_, float position_, int characters_)
+                       : time (time_)
+                       , position (position_)
+                       , characters (characters_)
+               {}
+
+               Event (dcp::Time time_, shared_ptr<Event> start_)
+                       : time (time_)
+                       , start (start_)
+               {}
+
+               dcp::Time time;
+               int position; //< position from 0 at top of screen to 100 at bottom
+               int characters;
+               shared_ptr<Event> start;
+       };
+
+       vector<shared_ptr<Event>> events;
+
+       auto position = [](shared_ptr<const SubtitleString> sub) {
+               switch (sub->v_align()) {
+               case VALIGN_TOP:
+                       return lrintf(sub->v_position() * 100);
+               case VALIGN_CENTER:
+                       return lrintf((0.5f + sub->v_position()) * 100);
+               case VALIGN_BOTTOM:
+                       return lrintf((1.0f - sub->v_position()) * 100);
+               }
+
+               return 0L;
+       };
+
+       for (auto j: asset->subtitles()) {
+               auto text = dynamic_pointer_cast<const SubtitleString>(j);
+               if (text) {
+                       auto in = make_shared<Event>(text->in(), position(text), text->text().length());
+                       events.push_back(in);
+                       events.push_back(make_shared<Event>(text->out(), in));
+               }
+       }
+
+       std::sort(events.begin(), events.end(), [](shared_ptr<Event> const& a, shared_ptr<Event>const& b) {
+               return a->time < b->time;
+       });
+
+       map<int, int> current;
+       for (auto i: events) {
+               if (current.size() > 3) {
+                       result->line_count_exceeded = true;
+               }
+               for (auto j: current) {
+                       if (j.second >= warning_length) {
+                               result->warning_length_exceeded = true;
+                       }
+                       if (j.second >= error_length) {
+                               result->error_length_exceeded = true;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (i->start) {
+                       /* end of a subtitle */
+                       DCP_ASSERT (current.find(i->start->position) != current.end());
+                       if (current[i->start->position] == i->start->characters) {
+                               current.erase(i->start->position);
+                       } else {
+                               current[i->start->position] -= i->start->characters;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       /* start of a subtitle */
+                       if (current.find(i->position) == current.end()) {
+                               current[i->position] = i->characters;
+                       } else {
+                               current[i->position] += i->characters;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+
+static
+void
+check_text_timing (vector<shared_ptr<dcp::Reel>> reels, vector<VerificationNote>& notes)
+{
+       if (reels.empty()) {
+               return;
+       }
+
+       optional<int> picture_frame_rate;
+       if (reels[0]->main_picture()) {
+               picture_frame_rate = reels[0]->main_picture()->frame_rate().numerator;
+       }
+
+       if (reels[0]->main_subtitle()) {
+               check_text_timing (reels, picture_frame_rate, notes,
+                       [](shared_ptr<dcp::Reel> reel) {
+                               return static_cast<bool>(reel->main_subtitle());
+                       },
+                       [](shared_ptr<dcp::Reel> reel) {
+                               return reel->main_subtitle()->asset()->raw_xml();
+                       },
+                       [](shared_ptr<dcp::Reel> reel) {
+                               return reel->main_subtitle()->actual_duration();
+                       }
+               );
+       }
+
+       for (auto i = 0U; i < reels[0]->closed_captions().size(); ++i) {
+               check_text_timing (reels, picture_frame_rate, notes,
+                       [i](shared_ptr<dcp::Reel> reel) {
+                               return i < reel->closed_captions().size();
+                       },
+                       [i](shared_ptr<dcp::Reel> reel) {
+                               return reel->closed_captions()[i]->asset()->raw_xml();
+                       },
+                       [i](shared_ptr<dcp::Reel> reel) {
+                               return reel->closed_captions()[i]->actual_duration();
+                       }
+               );
+       }
+}
+
+
+void
+check_extension_metadata (shared_ptr<dcp::CPL> cpl, vector<VerificationNote>& notes)
+{
+       DCP_ASSERT (cpl->file());
+       cxml::Document doc ("CompositionPlaylist");
+       doc.read_file (cpl->file().get());
+
+       auto missing = false;
+       string malformed;
+
+       if (auto reel_list = doc.node_child("ReelList")) {
+               auto reels = reel_list->node_children("Reel");
+               if (!reels.empty()) {
+                       if (auto asset_list = reels[0]->optional_node_child("AssetList")) {
+                               if (auto metadata = asset_list->optional_node_child("CompositionMetadataAsset")) {
+                                       if (auto extension_list = metadata->optional_node_child("ExtensionMetadataList")) {
+                                               missing = true;
+                                               for (auto extension: extension_list->node_children("ExtensionMetadata")) {
+                                                       if (extension->optional_string_attribute("scope").get_value_or("") != "http://isdcf.com/ns/cplmd/app") {
+                                                               continue;
+                                                       }
+                                                       missing = false;
+                                                       if (auto name = extension->optional_node_child("Name")) {
+                                                               if (name->content() != "Application") {
+                                                                       malformed = "<Name> should be 'Application'";
+                                                               }
+                                                       }
+                                                       if (auto property_list = extension->optional_node_child("PropertyList")) {
+                                                               if (auto property = property_list->optional_node_child("Property")) {
+                                                                       if (auto name = property->optional_node_child("Name")) {
+                                                                               if (name->content() != "DCP Constraints Profile") {
+                                                                                       malformed = "<Name> property should be 'DCP Constraints Profile'";
+                                                                               }
+                                                                       }
+                                                                       if (auto value = property->optional_node_child("Value")) {
+                                                                               if (value->content() != "SMPTE-RDD-52:2020-Bv2.1") {
+                                                                                       malformed = "<Value> property should be 'SMPTE-RDD-52:2020-Bv2.1'";
+                                                                               }
+                                                                       }
+                                                               }
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                       } else {
+                                               missing = true;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (missing) {
+               notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_EXTENSION_METADATA});
+       } else if (!malformed.empty()) {
+               notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::INVALID_EXTENSION_METADATA, malformed});
        }
 }
 
 
-list<VerificationNote>
+vector<VerificationNote>
 dcp::verify (
        vector<boost::filesystem::path> directories,
        function<void (string, optional<boost::filesystem::path>)> stage,
@@ -604,14 +1071,15 @@ dcp::verify (
 {
        xsd_dtd_directory = boost::filesystem::canonical (xsd_dtd_directory);
 
-       list<VerificationNote> notes;
+       vector<VerificationNote> notes;
+       State state;
 
-       list<shared_ptr<DCP> > dcps;
-       BOOST_FOREACH (boost::filesystem::path i, directories) {
+       vector<shared_ptr<DCP>> dcps;
+       for (auto i: directories) {
                dcps.push_back (shared_ptr<DCP> (new DCP (i)));
        }
 
-       BOOST_FOREACH (shared_ptr<DCP> dcp, dcps) {
+       for (auto dcp: dcps) {
                stage ("Checking DCP", dcp->directory());
                try {
                        dcp->read (&notes);
@@ -629,33 +1097,85 @@ dcp::verify (
                        notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::NOT_SMPTE));
                }
 
-               BOOST_FOREACH (shared_ptr<CPL> cpl, dcp->cpls()) {
+               for (auto cpl: dcp->cpls()) {
                        stage ("Checking CPL", cpl->file());
                        validate_xml (cpl->file().get(), xsd_dtd_directory, notes);
 
+                       for (auto const& i: cpl->additional_subtitle_languages()) {
+                               verify_language_tag (i, notes);
+                       }
+
+                       if (cpl->release_territory()) {
+                               if (!cpl->release_territory_scope() || cpl->release_territory_scope().get() != "http://www.smpte-ra.org/schemas/429-16/2014/CPL-Metadata#scope/release-territory/UNM49") {
+                                       auto terr = cpl->release_territory().get();
+                                       /* Must be a valid region tag, or "001" */
+                                       try {
+                                               LanguageTag::RegionSubtag test (terr);
+                                       } catch (...) {
+                                               if (terr != "001") {
+                                                       notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::BAD_LANGUAGE, terr});
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       if (dcp->standard() == dcp::SMPTE) {
+                               if (!cpl->annotation_text()) {
+                                       notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_ANNOTATION_TEXT_IN_CPL));
+                               } else if (cpl->annotation_text().get() != cpl->content_title_text()) {
+                                       notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::CPL_ANNOTATION_TEXT_DIFFERS_FROM_CONTENT_TITLE_TEXT));
+                               }
+                       }
+
                        /* Check that the CPL's hash corresponds to the PKL */
-                       BOOST_FOREACH (shared_ptr<PKL> i, dcp->pkls()) {
+                       for (auto i: dcp->pkls()) {
                                optional<string> h = i->hash(cpl->id());
                                if (h && make_digest(ArrayData(*cpl->file())) != *h) {
                                        notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::CPL_HASH_INCORRECT));
                                }
                        }
 
-                       BOOST_FOREACH (shared_ptr<Reel> reel, cpl->reels()) {
+                       /* set to true if any reel has a MainSubtitle */
+                       auto have_main_subtitle = false;
+                       /* set to true if any reel has no MainSubtitle */
+                       auto have_no_main_subtitle = false;
+                       /* fewest number of closed caption assets seen in a reel */
+                       size_t fewest_closed_captions = SIZE_MAX;
+                       /* most number of closed caption assets seen in a reel */
+                       size_t most_closed_captions = 0;
+                       map<Marker, Time> markers_seen;
+
+                       for (auto reel: cpl->reels()) {
                                stage ("Checking reel", optional<boost::filesystem::path>());
 
-                               BOOST_FOREACH (shared_ptr<ReelAsset> i, reel->assets()) {
+                               for (auto i: reel->assets()) {
                                        if (i->duration() && (i->duration().get() * i->edit_rate().denominator / i->edit_rate().numerator) < 1) {
                                                notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::DURATION_TOO_SMALL, i->id()));
                                        }
                                        if ((i->intrinsic_duration() * i->edit_rate().denominator / i->edit_rate().numerator) < 1) {
                                                notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::INTRINSIC_DURATION_TOO_SMALL, i->id()));
                                        }
+                                       auto mxf = dynamic_pointer_cast<ReelMXF>(i);
+                                       if (mxf && !mxf->hash()) {
+                                               notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_HASH, i->id()});
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               if (dcp->standard() == dcp::SMPTE) {
+                                       boost::optional<int64_t> duration;
+                                       for (auto i: reel->assets()) {
+                                               if (!duration) {
+                                                       duration = i->actual_duration();
+                                               } else if (*duration != i->actual_duration()) {
+                                                       notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISMATCHED_ASSET_DURATION, i->id()));
+                                                       break;
+                                               }
+                                       }
                                }
 
                                if (reel->main_picture()) {
                                        /* Check reel stuff */
-                                       Fraction const frame_rate = reel->main_picture()->frame_rate();
+                                       auto const frame_rate = reel->main_picture()->frame_rate();
                                        if (frame_rate.denominator != 1 ||
                                            (frame_rate.numerator != 24 &&
                                             frame_rate.numerator != 25 &&
@@ -668,24 +1188,131 @@ dcp::verify (
                                        }
                                        /* Check asset */
                                        if (reel->main_picture()->asset_ref().resolved()) {
-                                               verify_main_picture_asset (dcp, reel, stage, progress, notes);
+                                               verify_main_picture_asset (dcp, reel->main_picture(), stage, progress, notes);
                                        }
                                }
 
                                if (reel->main_sound() && reel->main_sound()->asset_ref().resolved()) {
-                                       verify_main_sound_asset (dcp, reel, stage, progress, notes);
+                                       verify_main_sound_asset (dcp, reel->main_sound(), stage, progress, notes);
                                }
 
                                if (reel->main_subtitle()) {
                                        verify_main_subtitle_reel (reel->main_subtitle(), notes);
                                        if (reel->main_subtitle()->asset_ref().resolved()) {
-                                               verify_main_subtitle_asset (reel, stage, xsd_dtd_directory, notes);
+                                               verify_subtitle_asset (reel->main_subtitle()->asset(), stage, xsd_dtd_directory, notes, state);
+                                       }
+                                       have_main_subtitle = true;
+                               } else {
+                                       have_no_main_subtitle = true;
+                               }
+
+                               for (auto i: reel->closed_captions()) {
+                                       verify_closed_caption_reel (i, notes);
+                                       if (i->asset_ref().resolved()) {
+                                               verify_closed_caption_asset (i->asset(), stage, xsd_dtd_directory, notes, state);
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               if (reel->main_markers()) {
+                                       for (auto const& i: reel->main_markers()->get()) {
+                                               markers_seen.insert (i);
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               fewest_closed_captions = std::min (fewest_closed_captions, reel->closed_captions().size());
+                               most_closed_captions = std::max (most_closed_captions, reel->closed_captions().size());
+                       }
+
+                       if (dcp->standard() == dcp::SMPTE) {
+
+                               if (have_main_subtitle && have_no_main_subtitle) {
+                                       notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MAIN_SUBTITLE_NOT_IN_ALL_REELS});
+                               }
+
+                               if (fewest_closed_captions != most_closed_captions) {
+                                       notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::CLOSED_CAPTION_ASSET_COUNTS_DIFFER});
+                               }
+
+                               if (cpl->content_kind() == FEATURE) {
+                                       if (markers_seen.find(dcp::Marker::FFEC) == markers_seen.end()) {
+                                               notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_FFEC_IN_FEATURE});
+                                       }
+                                       if (markers_seen.find(dcp::Marker::FFMC) == markers_seen.end()) {
+                                               notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_FFMC_IN_FEATURE});
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               auto ffoc = markers_seen.find(dcp::Marker::FFOC);
+                               if (ffoc == markers_seen.end()) {
+                                       notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::MISSING_FFOC});
+                               } else if (ffoc->second.e != 1) {
+                                       notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::INCORRECT_FFOC});
+                               }
+
+                               auto lfoc = markers_seen.find(dcp::Marker::LFOC);
+                               if (lfoc == markers_seen.end()) {
+                                       notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::MISSING_LFOC});
+                               } else if (lfoc->second.as_editable_units(lfoc->second.tcr) != (cpl->reels().back()->duration() - 1)) {
+                                       notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::INCORRECT_LFOC});
+                               }
+
+                               check_text_timing (cpl->reels(), notes);
+
+                               LinesCharactersResult result;
+                               for (auto reel: cpl->reels()) {
+                                       if (reel->main_subtitle() && reel->main_subtitle()->asset()) {
+                                               check_text_lines_and_characters (reel->main_subtitle()->asset(), 52, 79, &result);
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               if (result.line_count_exceeded) {
+                                       notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::TOO_MANY_SUBTITLE_LINES));
+                               }
+                               if (result.error_length_exceeded) {
+                                       notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_LINE_TOO_LONG));
+                               } else if (result.warning_length_exceeded) {
+                                       notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_LINE_LONGER_THAN_RECOMMENDED));
+                               }
+
+                               result = LinesCharactersResult();
+                               for (auto reel: cpl->reels()) {
+                                       for (auto i: reel->closed_captions()) {
+                                               if (i->asset()) {
+                                                       check_text_lines_and_characters (i->asset(), 32, 32, &result);
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               if (result.line_count_exceeded) {
+                                       notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::TOO_MANY_CLOSED_CAPTION_LINES));
+                               }
+                               if (result.error_length_exceeded) {
+                                       notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::CLOSED_CAPTION_LINE_TOO_LONG));
+                               }
+
+                               if (!cpl->full_content_title_text()) {
+                                       /* Since FullContentTitleText is assumed always to exist if there's a CompositionMetadataAsset we
+                                        * can use it as a proxy for CompositionMetadataAsset's existence.
+                                        */
+                                       notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_CPL_METADATA});
+                               } else if (!cpl->version_number()) {
+                                       notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_CPL_METADATA_VERSION_NUMBER});
+                               }
+
+                               check_extension_metadata (cpl, notes);
+
+                               if (cpl->encrypted()) {
+                                       cxml::Document doc ("CompositionPlaylist");
+                                       DCP_ASSERT (cpl->file());
+                                       doc.read_file (cpl->file().get());
+                                       if (!doc.optional_node_child("Signature")) {
+                                               notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::CPL_WITH_ENCRYPTED_CONTENT_NOT_SIGNED, cpl->file().get()});
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
 
-               BOOST_FOREACH (shared_ptr<PKL> pkl, dcp->pkls()) {
+               for (auto pkl: dcp->pkls()) {
                        stage ("Checking PKL", pkl->file());
                        validate_xml (pkl->file().get(), xsd_dtd_directory, notes);
                }
@@ -713,12 +1340,12 @@ dcp::note_to_string (dcp::VerificationNote note)
                return "The picture in a reel has an invalid frame rate.";
        case dcp::VerificationNote::PICTURE_HASH_INCORRECT:
                return dcp::String::compose("The hash of the picture asset %1 does not agree with the PKL file.", note.file()->filename());
-       case dcp::VerificationNote::PKL_CPL_PICTURE_HASHES_DISAGREE:
-               return dcp::String::compose("The PKL and CPL hashes disagree for the picture asset %1.", note.file()->filename());
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::PKL_CPL_PICTURE_HASHES_DIFFER:
+               return dcp::String::compose("The PKL and CPL hashes differ for the picture asset %1.", note.file()->filename());
        case dcp::VerificationNote::SOUND_HASH_INCORRECT:
                return dcp::String::compose("The hash of the sound asset %1 does not agree with the PKL file.", note.file()->filename());
-       case dcp::VerificationNote::PKL_CPL_SOUND_HASHES_DISAGREE:
-               return dcp::String::compose("The PKL and CPL hashes disagree for the sound asset %1.", note.file()->filename());
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::PKL_CPL_SOUND_HASHES_DIFFER:
+               return dcp::String::compose("The PKL and CPL hashes differ for the sound asset %1.", note.file()->filename());
        case dcp::VerificationNote::EMPTY_ASSET_PATH:
                return "The asset map contains an empty asset path.";
        case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_ASSET:
@@ -733,9 +1360,9 @@ dcp::note_to_string (dcp::VerificationNote note)
                return String::compose("The intrinsic duration of an asset is less than 1 second long: %1", note.note().get());
        case dcp::VerificationNote::DURATION_TOO_SMALL:
                return String::compose("The duration of an asset is less than 1 second long: %1", note.note().get());
-       case dcp::VerificationNote::PICTURE_FRAME_TOO_LARGE:
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::PICTURE_FRAME_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES:
                return String::compose("The instantaneous bit rate of the picture asset %1 is larger than the limit of 250Mbit/s in at least one place.", note.file()->filename());
-       case dcp::VerificationNote::PICTURE_FRAME_NEARLY_TOO_LARGE:
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::PICTURE_FRAME_NEARLY_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES:
                return String::compose("The instantaneous bit rate of the picture asset %1 is close to the limit of 250Mbit/s in at least one place.", note.file()->filename());
        case dcp::VerificationNote::EXTERNAL_ASSET:
                return String::compose("An asset that this DCP refers to is not included in the DCP.  It may be a VF.  Missing asset is %1.", note.note().get());
@@ -743,6 +1370,88 @@ dcp::note_to_string (dcp::VerificationNote note)
                return "This DCP does not use the SMPTE standard, which is required for Bv2.1 compliance.";
        case dcp::VerificationNote::BAD_LANGUAGE:
                return String::compose("The DCP specifies a language '%1' which does not conform to the RFC 5646 standard.", note.note().get());
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::PICTURE_ASSET_INVALID_SIZE_IN_PIXELS:
+               return String::compose("A picture asset's size (%1) is not one of those allowed by Bv2.1 (2048x858, 1998x1080, 4096x1716 or 3996x2160)", note.note().get());
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::PICTURE_ASSET_INVALID_FRAME_RATE_FOR_2K:
+               return String::compose("A picture asset's frame rate (%1) is not one of those allowed for 2K DCPs by Bv2.1 (24, 25 or 48fps)", note.note().get());
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::PICTURE_ASSET_INVALID_FRAME_RATE_FOR_4K:
+               return String::compose("A picture asset's frame rate (%1) is not 24fps as required for 4K DCPs by Bv2.1", note.note().get());
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::PICTURE_ASSET_4K_3D:
+               return "3D 4K DCPs are not allowed by Bv2.1";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::CLOSED_CAPTION_XML_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES:
+               return String::compose("The XML for the closed caption asset %1 is longer than the 256KB maximum required by Bv2.1", note.file()->filename());
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::TIMED_TEXT_ASSET_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES:
+               return String::compose("The total size of the timed text asset %1 is larger than the 115MB maximum required by Bv2.1", note.file()->filename());
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::TIMED_TEXT_FONTS_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES:
+               return String::compose("The total size of the fonts in timed text asset %1 is larger than the 10MB maximum required by Bv2.1", note.file()->filename());
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_SUBTITLE_LANGUAGE:
+               return String::compose("The XML for a SMPTE subtitle asset has no <Language> tag, which is required by Bv2.1", note.file()->filename());
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_LANGUAGES_DIFFER:
+               return String::compose("Some subtitle assets have different <Language> tags than others", note.file()->filename());
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_SUBTITLE_START_TIME:
+               return String::compose("The XML for a SMPTE subtitle asset has no <StartTime> tag, which is required by Bv2.1", note.file()->filename());
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_START_TIME_NON_ZERO:
+               return String::compose("The XML for a SMPTE subtitle asset has a non-zero <StartTime> tag, which is disallowed by Bv2.1", note.file()->filename());
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::FIRST_TEXT_TOO_EARLY:
+               return "The first subtitle or closed caption is less than 4 seconds from the start of the DCP.";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_TOO_SHORT:
+               return "At least one subtitle is less than the minimum of 15 frames suggested by Bv2.1";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_TOO_CLOSE:
+               return "At least one pair of subtitles are separated by less than the the minimum of 2 frames suggested by Bv2.1";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::TOO_MANY_SUBTITLE_LINES:
+               return "There are more than 3 subtitle lines in at least one place in the DCP, which Bv2.1 advises against.";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_LINE_LONGER_THAN_RECOMMENDED:
+               return "There are more than 52 characters in at least one subtitle line, which Bv2.1 advises against.";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_LINE_TOO_LONG:
+               return "There are more than 79 characters in at least one subtitle line, which Bv2.1 strongly advises against.";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::TOO_MANY_CLOSED_CAPTION_LINES:
+               return "There are more than 3 closed caption lines in at least one place, which is disallowed by Bv2.1";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::CLOSED_CAPTION_LINE_TOO_LONG:
+               return "There are more than 32 characters in at least one closed caption line, which is disallowed by Bv2.1";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::INVALID_SOUND_FRAME_RATE:
+               return "A sound asset has a sampling rate other than 48kHz, which is disallowed by Bv2.1";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_ANNOTATION_TEXT_IN_CPL:
+               return "The CPL has no <AnnotationText> tag, which is required by Bv2.1";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::CPL_ANNOTATION_TEXT_DIFFERS_FROM_CONTENT_TITLE_TEXT:
+               return "The CPL's <AnnotationText> differs from its <ContentTitleText>, which Bv2.1 advises against.";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::MISMATCHED_ASSET_DURATION:
+               return "All assets in a reel do not have the same duration, which is required by Bv2.1";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::MAIN_SUBTITLE_NOT_IN_ALL_REELS:
+               return "At least one reel contains a subtitle asset, but some reel(s) do not";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::CLOSED_CAPTION_ASSET_COUNTS_DIFFER:
+               return "At least one reel has closed captions, but reels have different numbers of closed caption assets.";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_SUBTITLE_ENTRY_POINT:
+               return "Subtitle assets must have an <EntryPoint> tag.";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_ENTRY_POINT_NON_ZERO:
+               return "Subtitle assets must have an <EntryPoint> of 0.";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_CLOSED_CAPTION_ENTRY_POINT:
+               return "Closed caption assets must have an <EntryPoint> tag.";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::CLOSED_CAPTION_ENTRY_POINT_NON_ZERO:
+               return "Closed caption assets must have an <EntryPoint> of 0.";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_HASH:
+               return String::compose("An asset is missing a <Hash> tag: %1", note.note().get());
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_FFEC_IN_FEATURE:
+               return "The DCP is marked as a Feature but there is no FFEC (first frame of end credits) marker";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_FFMC_IN_FEATURE:
+               return "The DCP is marked as a Feature but there is no FFMC (first frame of moving credits) marker";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_FFOC:
+               return "There should be a FFOC (first frame of content) marker";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_LFOC:
+               return "There should be a LFOC (last frame of content) marker";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::INCORRECT_FFOC:
+               return "The FFOC marker should bet set to 1";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::INCORRECT_LFOC:
+               return "The LFOC marker should be set to 1 less than the duration of the last reel";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_CPL_METADATA:
+               return "There should be a <CompositionMetadataAsset> tag";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_CPL_METADATA_VERSION_NUMBER:
+               return "The CPL metadata must contain a <VersionNumber>";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_EXTENSION_METADATA:
+               return "The CPL metadata must contain <ExtensionMetadata>";
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::INVALID_EXTENSION_METADATA:
+               return String::compose("The <ExtensionMetadata> is malformed in some way: %1", note.note().get());
+       case dcp::VerificationNote::CPL_WITH_ENCRYPTED_CONTENT_NOT_SIGNED:
+               return String::compose("The CPL %1, which has encrypted content, is not signed", note.file()->filename());
        }
 
        return "";