X-Git-Url: https://main.carlh.net/gitweb/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=src%2Fverify.cc;h=e27f6f3606c256fe7437d28131ad15aaca91ea92;hb=093525165f6397ba9eaffd19833dc978bcb32d55;hp=5644d36998c69d2eb5acbe7f6367dee08d49e764;hpb=cf46cfbcc9eaa6977ebafc800518f2c4288b6994;p=libdcp.git

diff --git a/src/verify.cc b/src/verify.cc
index 5644d369..e27f6f36 100644
--- a/src/verify.cc
+++ b/src/verify.cc
@@ -31,47 +31,54 @@
     files in the program, then also delete it here.
 */
 
-#include "verify.h"
-#include "dcp.h"
+
+/** @file  src/verify.cc
+ *  @brief dcp::verify() method and associated code
+ */
+
+
+#include "compose.hpp"
 #include "cpl.h"
+#include "dcp.h"
+#include "exceptions.h"
+#include "interop_subtitle_asset.h"
+#include "mono_picture_asset.h"
+#include "mono_picture_frame.h"
+#include "raw_convert.h"
 #include "reel.h"
 #include "reel_closed_caption_asset.h"
+#include "reel_markers_asset.h"
 #include "reel_picture_asset.h"
 #include "reel_sound_asset.h"
 #include "reel_subtitle_asset.h"
-#include "interop_subtitle_asset.h"
-#include "mono_picture_asset.h"
-#include "mono_picture_frame.h"
+#include "smpte_subtitle_asset.h"
 #include "stereo_picture_asset.h"
 #include "stereo_picture_frame.h"
-#include "exceptions.h"
-#include "compose.hpp"
-#include "raw_convert.h"
-#include "reel_markers_asset.h"
-#include "smpte_subtitle_asset.h"
-#include <xercesc/util/PlatformUtils.hpp>
-#include <xercesc/parsers/XercesDOMParser.hpp>
-#include <xercesc/parsers/AbstractDOMParser.hpp>
-#include <xercesc/sax/HandlerBase.hpp>
+#include "verify.h"
+#include "verify_j2k.h"
+#include <xercesc/dom/DOMAttr.hpp>
+#include <xercesc/dom/DOMDocument.hpp>
+#include <xercesc/dom/DOMError.hpp>
+#include <xercesc/dom/DOMErrorHandler.hpp>
+#include <xercesc/dom/DOMException.hpp>
 #include <xercesc/dom/DOMImplementation.hpp>
 #include <xercesc/dom/DOMImplementationLS.hpp>
 #include <xercesc/dom/DOMImplementationRegistry.hpp>
 #include <xercesc/dom/DOMLSParser.hpp>
-#include <xercesc/dom/DOMException.hpp>
-#include <xercesc/dom/DOMDocument.hpp>
-#include <xercesc/dom/DOMNodeList.hpp>
-#include <xercesc/dom/DOMError.hpp>
 #include <xercesc/dom/DOMLocator.hpp>
 #include <xercesc/dom/DOMNamedNodeMap.hpp>
-#include <xercesc/dom/DOMAttr.hpp>
-#include <xercesc/dom/DOMErrorHandler.hpp>
+#include <xercesc/dom/DOMNodeList.hpp>
 #include <xercesc/framework/LocalFileInputSource.hpp>
 #include <xercesc/framework/MemBufInputSource.hpp>
-#include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>
+#include <xercesc/parsers/AbstractDOMParser.hpp>
+#include <xercesc/parsers/XercesDOMParser.hpp>
+#include <xercesc/sax/HandlerBase.hpp>
+#include <xercesc/util/PlatformUtils.hpp>
 #include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
 #include <map>
 #include <vector>
-#include <iostream>
+
 
 using std::list;
 using std::vector;
@@ -86,9 +93,11 @@ using boost::optional;
 using boost::function;
 using std::dynamic_pointer_cast;
 
+
 using namespace dcp;
 using namespace xercesc;
 
+
 static
 string
 xml_ch_to_string (XMLCh const * a)
@@ -99,6 +108,7 @@ xml_ch_to_string (XMLCh const * a)
 	return o;
 }
 
+
 class XMLValidationError
 {
 public:
@@ -184,7 +194,8 @@ private:
 	list<XMLValidationError> _errors;
 };
 
-class StringToXMLCh : public boost::noncopyable
+
+class StringToXMLCh
 {
 public:
 	StringToXMLCh (string a)
@@ -192,6 +203,9 @@ public:
 		_buffer = XMLString::transcode(a.c_str());
 	}
 
+	StringToXMLCh (StringToXMLCh const&) = delete;
+	StringToXMLCh& operator= (StringToXMLCh const&) = delete;
+
 	~StringToXMLCh ()
 	{
 		XMLString::release (&_buffer);
@@ -205,6 +219,7 @@ private:
 	XMLCh* _buffer;
 };
 
+
 class LocalFileResolver : public EntityResolver
 {
 public:
@@ -343,40 +358,38 @@ validate_xml (T xml, boost::filesystem::path xsd_dtd_directory, vector<Verificat
 	XMLPlatformUtils::Terminate ();
 
 	for (auto i: error_handler.errors()) {
-		notes.push_back (
-			VerificationNote(
-				VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR,
-				VerificationNote::XML_VALIDATION_ERROR,
-				i.message(),
-				boost::trim_copy(i.public_id() + " " + i.system_id()),
-				i.line()
-				)
-			);
+		notes.push_back ({
+			VerificationNote::Type::ERROR,
+			VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_XML,
+			i.message(),
+			boost::trim_copy(i.public_id() + " " + i.system_id()),
+			i.line()
+		});
 	}
 }
 
 
-enum VerifyAssetResult {
-	VERIFY_ASSET_RESULT_GOOD,
-	VERIFY_ASSET_RESULT_CPL_PKL_DIFFER,
-	VERIFY_ASSET_RESULT_BAD
+enum class VerifyAssetResult {
+	GOOD,
+	CPL_PKL_DIFFER,
+	BAD
 };
 
 
 static VerifyAssetResult
-verify_asset (shared_ptr<const DCP> dcp, shared_ptr<const ReelMXF> reel_mxf, function<void (float)> progress)
+verify_asset (shared_ptr<const DCP> dcp, shared_ptr<const ReelEncryptableAsset> reel_file_asset, function<void (float)> progress)
 {
-	auto const actual_hash = reel_mxf->asset_ref()->hash(progress);
+	auto const actual_hash = reel_file_asset->asset_ref()->hash(progress);
 
 	auto pkls = dcp->pkls();
 	/* We've read this DCP in so it must have at least one PKL */
 	DCP_ASSERT (!pkls.empty());
 
-	auto asset = reel_mxf->asset_ref().asset();
+	auto asset = reel_file_asset->asset_ref().asset();
 
 	optional<string> pkl_hash;
 	for (auto i: pkls) {
-		pkl_hash = i->hash (reel_mxf->asset_ref()->id());
+		pkl_hash = i->hash (reel_file_asset->asset_ref()->id());
 		if (pkl_hash) {
 			break;
 		}
@@ -384,16 +397,16 @@ verify_asset (shared_ptr<const DCP> dcp, shared_ptr<const ReelMXF> reel_mxf, fun
 
 	DCP_ASSERT (pkl_hash);
 
-	auto cpl_hash = reel_mxf->hash();
+	auto cpl_hash = reel_file_asset->hash();
 	if (cpl_hash && *cpl_hash != *pkl_hash) {
-		return VERIFY_ASSET_RESULT_CPL_PKL_DIFFER;
+		return VerifyAssetResult::CPL_PKL_DIFFER;
 	}
 
 	if (actual_hash != *pkl_hash) {
-		return VERIFY_ASSET_RESULT_BAD;
+		return VerifyAssetResult::BAD;
 	}
 
-	return VERIFY_ASSET_RESULT_GOOD;
+	return VerifyAssetResult::GOOD;
 }
 
 
@@ -401,74 +414,67 @@ void
 verify_language_tag (string tag, vector<VerificationNote>& notes)
 {
 	try {
-		dcp::LanguageTag test (tag);
-	} catch (dcp::LanguageTagError &) {
-		notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::BAD_LANGUAGE, tag));
+		LanguageTag test (tag);
+	} catch (LanguageTagError &) {
+		notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_LANGUAGE, tag});
 	}
 }
 
 
-enum VerifyPictureAssetResult
-{
-	VERIFY_PICTURE_ASSET_RESULT_GOOD,
-	VERIFY_PICTURE_ASSET_RESULT_FRAME_NEARLY_TOO_LARGE,
-	VERIFY_PICTURE_ASSET_RESULT_BAD,
-};
-
-
-int
-biggest_frame_size (shared_ptr<const MonoPictureFrame> frame)
-{
-	return frame->size ();
-}
-
-int
-biggest_frame_size (shared_ptr<const StereoPictureFrame> frame)
+static void
+verify_picture_asset (shared_ptr<const ReelEncryptableAsset> reel_file_asset, boost::filesystem::path file, vector<VerificationNote>& notes, function<void (float)> progress)
 {
-	return max(frame->left()->size(), frame->right()->size());
-}
+	int biggest_frame = 0;
+	auto asset = dynamic_pointer_cast<PictureAsset>(reel_file_asset->asset_ref().asset());
+	auto const duration = asset->intrinsic_duration ();
 
+	auto check_and_add = [&notes](vector<VerificationNote> const& j2k_notes) {
+		for (auto i: j2k_notes) {
+			if (find(notes.begin(), notes.end(), i) == notes.end()) {
+				notes.push_back (i);
+			}
+		}
+	};
 
-template <class A, class R, class F>
-optional<VerifyPictureAssetResult>
-verify_picture_asset_type (shared_ptr<const ReelMXF> reel_mxf, function<void (float)> progress)
-{
-	auto asset = dynamic_pointer_cast<A>(reel_mxf->asset_ref().asset());
-	if (!asset) {
-		return optional<VerifyPictureAssetResult>();
-	}
+	if (auto mono_asset = dynamic_pointer_cast<MonoPictureAsset>(reel_file_asset->asset_ref().asset())) {
+		auto reader = mono_asset->start_read ();
+		for (int64_t i = 0; i < duration; ++i) {
+			auto frame = reader->get_frame (i);
+			biggest_frame = max(biggest_frame, frame->size());
+			if (!mono_asset->encrypted() || mono_asset->key()) {
+				vector<VerificationNote> j2k_notes;
+				verify_j2k (frame, j2k_notes);
+				check_and_add (j2k_notes);
+			}
+			progress (float(i) / duration);
+		}
+	} else if (auto stereo_asset = dynamic_pointer_cast<StereoPictureAsset>(asset)) {
+		auto reader = stereo_asset->start_read ();
+		for (int64_t i = 0; i < duration; ++i) {
+			auto frame = reader->get_frame (i);
+			biggest_frame = max(biggest_frame, max(frame->left()->size(), frame->right()->size()));
+			if (!stereo_asset->encrypted() || mono_asset->key()) {
+				vector<VerificationNote> j2k_notes;
+				verify_j2k (frame->left(), j2k_notes);
+				verify_j2k (frame->right(), j2k_notes);
+				check_and_add (j2k_notes);
+			}
+			progress (float(i) / duration);
+		}
 
-	int biggest_frame = 0;
-	auto reader = asset->start_read ();
-	auto const duration = asset->intrinsic_duration ();
-	for (int64_t i = 0; i < duration; ++i) {
-		shared_ptr<const F> frame = reader->get_frame (i);
-		biggest_frame = max(biggest_frame, biggest_frame_size(frame));
-		progress (float(i) / duration);
 	}
 
 	static const int max_frame =   rint(250 * 1000000 / (8 * asset->edit_rate().as_float()));
 	static const int risky_frame = rint(230 * 1000000 / (8 * asset->edit_rate().as_float()));
 	if (biggest_frame > max_frame) {
-		return VERIFY_PICTURE_ASSET_RESULT_BAD;
+		notes.push_back ({
+			VerificationNote::Type::ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_PICTURE_FRAME_SIZE_IN_BYTES, file
+		});
 	} else if (biggest_frame > risky_frame) {
-		return VERIFY_PICTURE_ASSET_RESULT_FRAME_NEARLY_TOO_LARGE;
-	}
-
-	return VERIFY_PICTURE_ASSET_RESULT_GOOD;
-}
-
-
-static VerifyPictureAssetResult
-verify_picture_asset (shared_ptr<const ReelMXF> reel_mxf, function<void (float)> progress)
-{
-	auto r = verify_picture_asset_type<MonoPictureAsset, MonoPictureAssetReader, MonoPictureFrame>(reel_mxf, progress);
-	if (!r) {
-		r = verify_picture_asset_type<StereoPictureAsset, StereoPictureAssetReader, StereoPictureFrame>(reel_mxf, progress);
+		notes.push_back ({
+			VerificationNote::Type::WARNING, VerificationNote::Code::NEARLY_INVALID_PICTURE_FRAME_SIZE_IN_BYTES, file
+		});
 	}
-
-	DCP_ASSERT (r);
-	return *r;
 }
 
 
@@ -486,97 +492,68 @@ verify_main_picture_asset (
 	stage ("Checking picture asset hash", file);
 	auto const r = verify_asset (dcp, reel_asset, progress);
 	switch (r) {
-		case VERIFY_ASSET_RESULT_BAD:
-			notes.push_back (
-				VerificationNote(
-					VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::PICTURE_HASH_INCORRECT, file
-					)
-				);
+		case VerifyAssetResult::BAD:
+			notes.push_back ({
+				VerificationNote::Type::ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INCORRECT_PICTURE_HASH, file
+			});
 			break;
-		case VERIFY_ASSET_RESULT_CPL_PKL_DIFFER:
-			notes.push_back (
-				VerificationNote(
-					VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::PKL_CPL_PICTURE_HASHES_DIFFER, file
-					)
-				);
+		case VerifyAssetResult::CPL_PKL_DIFFER:
+			notes.push_back ({
+				VerificationNote::Type::ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_PICTURE_HASHES, file
+			});
 			break;
 		default:
 			break;
 	}
 	stage ("Checking picture frame sizes", asset->file());
-	auto const pr = verify_picture_asset (reel_asset, progress);
-	switch (pr) {
-		case VERIFY_PICTURE_ASSET_RESULT_BAD:
-			notes.push_back (
-				VerificationNote(
-					VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::PICTURE_FRAME_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES, file
-					)
-				);
-			break;
-		case VERIFY_PICTURE_ASSET_RESULT_FRAME_NEARLY_TOO_LARGE:
-			notes.push_back (
-				VerificationNote(
-					VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::PICTURE_FRAME_NEARLY_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES, file
-					)
-				);
-			break;
-		default:
-			break;
-	}
+	verify_picture_asset (reel_asset, file, notes, progress);
 
 	/* Only flat/scope allowed by Bv2.1 */
 	if (
-		asset->size() != dcp::Size(2048, 858) &&
-		asset->size() != dcp::Size(1998, 1080) &&
-		asset->size() != dcp::Size(4096, 1716) &&
-		asset->size() != dcp::Size(3996, 2160)) {
-		notes.push_back(
-			VerificationNote(
-				VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR,
-				VerificationNote::PICTURE_ASSET_INVALID_SIZE_IN_PIXELS,
-				String::compose("%1x%2", asset->size().width, asset->size().height),
-				file
-				)
-			);
+		asset->size() != Size(2048, 858) &&
+		asset->size() != Size(1998, 1080) &&
+		asset->size() != Size(4096, 1716) &&
+		asset->size() != Size(3996, 2160)) {
+		notes.push_back({
+			VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR,
+			VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_PICTURE_SIZE_IN_PIXELS,
+			String::compose("%1x%2", asset->size().width, asset->size().height),
+			file
+		});
 	}
 
 	/* Only 24, 25, 48fps allowed for 2K */
 	if (
-		(asset->size() == dcp::Size(2048, 858) || asset->size() == dcp::Size(1998, 1080)) &&
-		(asset->edit_rate() != dcp::Fraction(24, 1) && asset->edit_rate() != dcp::Fraction(25, 1) && asset->edit_rate() != dcp::Fraction(48, 1))
+		(asset->size() == Size(2048, 858) || asset->size() == Size(1998, 1080)) &&
+		(asset->edit_rate() != Fraction(24, 1) && asset->edit_rate() != Fraction(25, 1) && asset->edit_rate() != Fraction(48, 1))
 	   ) {
-		notes.push_back(
-			VerificationNote(
-				VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR,
-				VerificationNote::PICTURE_ASSET_INVALID_FRAME_RATE_FOR_2K,
-				String::compose("%1/%2", asset->edit_rate().numerator, asset->edit_rate().denominator),
-				file
-				)
-			);
+		notes.push_back({
+			VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR,
+			VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_PICTURE_FRAME_RATE_FOR_2K,
+			String::compose("%1/%2", asset->edit_rate().numerator, asset->edit_rate().denominator),
+			file
+		});
 	}
 
-	if (asset->size() == dcp::Size(4096, 1716) || asset->size() == dcp::Size(3996, 2160)) {
+	if (asset->size() == Size(4096, 1716) || asset->size() == Size(3996, 2160)) {
 		/* Only 24fps allowed for 4K */
-		if (asset->edit_rate() != dcp::Fraction(24, 1)) {
-			notes.push_back(
-				VerificationNote(
-					VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR,
-					VerificationNote::PICTURE_ASSET_INVALID_FRAME_RATE_FOR_4K,
-					String::compose("%1/%2", asset->edit_rate().numerator, asset->edit_rate().denominator),
-					file
-					)
-				);
+		if (asset->edit_rate() != Fraction(24, 1)) {
+			notes.push_back({
+				VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR,
+				VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_PICTURE_FRAME_RATE_FOR_4K,
+				String::compose("%1/%2", asset->edit_rate().numerator, asset->edit_rate().denominator),
+				file
+			});
 		}
 
 		/* Only 2D allowed for 4K */
 		if (dynamic_pointer_cast<const StereoPictureAsset>(asset)) {
-			notes.push_back(
-				VerificationNote(
-					VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR,
-					VerificationNote::PICTURE_ASSET_4K_3D,
-					file
-					)
-				);
+			notes.push_back({
+				VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR,
+				VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_PICTURE_ASSET_RESOLUTION_FOR_3D,
+				String::compose("%1/%2", asset->edit_rate().numerator, asset->edit_rate().denominator),
+				file
+			});
 
 		}
 	}
@@ -597,19 +574,11 @@ verify_main_sound_asset (
 	stage ("Checking sound asset hash", asset->file());
 	auto const r = verify_asset (dcp, reel_asset, progress);
 	switch (r) {
-		case VERIFY_ASSET_RESULT_BAD:
-			notes.push_back (
-				VerificationNote(
-					VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::SOUND_HASH_INCORRECT, *asset->file()
-					)
-				);
+		case VerifyAssetResult::BAD:
+			notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INCORRECT_SOUND_HASH, *asset->file()});
 			break;
-		case VERIFY_ASSET_RESULT_CPL_PKL_DIFFER:
-			notes.push_back (
-				VerificationNote(
-					VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::PKL_CPL_SOUND_HASHES_DIFFER, *asset->file()
-					)
-				);
+		case VerifyAssetResult::CPL_PKL_DIFFER:
+			notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_SOUND_HASHES, *asset->file()});
 			break;
 		default:
 			break;
@@ -617,13 +586,11 @@ verify_main_sound_asset (
 
 	stage ("Checking sound asset metadata", asset->file());
 
-	verify_language_tag (asset->language(), notes);
+	if (auto lang = asset->language()) {
+		verify_language_tag (*lang, notes);
+	}
 	if (asset->sampling_rate() != 48000) {
-		notes.push_back (
-			VerificationNote(
-				VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::INVALID_SOUND_FRAME_RATE, *asset->file()
-				)
-			);
+		notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_SOUND_FRAME_RATE, raw_convert<string>(asset->sampling_rate()), *asset->file()});
 	}
 }
 
@@ -637,9 +604,9 @@ verify_main_subtitle_reel (shared_ptr<const ReelSubtitleAsset> reel_asset, vecto
 	}
 
 	if (!reel_asset->entry_point()) {
-		notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_SUBTITLE_ENTRY_POINT });
+		notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_SUBTITLE_ENTRY_POINT, reel_asset->id() });
 	} else if (reel_asset->entry_point().get()) {
-		notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_ENTRY_POINT_NON_ZERO });
+		notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INCORRECT_SUBTITLE_ENTRY_POINT, reel_asset->id() });
 	}
 }
 
@@ -653,9 +620,9 @@ verify_closed_caption_reel (shared_ptr<const ReelClosedCaptionAsset> reel_asset,
 	}
 
 	if (!reel_asset->entry_point()) {
-		notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_CLOSED_CAPTION_ENTRY_POINT });
+		notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_CLOSED_CAPTION_ENTRY_POINT, reel_asset->id() });
 	} else if (reel_asset->entry_point().get()) {
-		notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::CLOSED_CAPTION_ENTRY_POINT_NON_ZERO });
+		notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INCORRECT_CLOSED_CAPTION_ENTRY_POINT, reel_asset->id() });
 	}
 }
 
@@ -666,40 +633,27 @@ struct State
 };
 
 
-
+/** Verify stuff that is common to both subtitles and closed captions */
 void
-verify_smpte_subtitle_asset (
-	shared_ptr<const dcp::SMPTESubtitleAsset> asset,
-	vector<VerificationNote>& notes,
-	State& state
+verify_smpte_timed_text_asset (
+	shared_ptr<const SMPTESubtitleAsset> asset,
+	optional<int64_t> reel_asset_duration,
+	vector<VerificationNote>& notes
 	)
 {
 	if (asset->language()) {
-		auto const language = *asset->language();
-		verify_language_tag (language, notes);
-		if (!state.subtitle_language) {
-			state.subtitle_language = language;
-		} else if (state.subtitle_language != language) {
-			notes.push_back (
-				VerificationNote(
-					VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_LANGUAGES_DIFFER, *asset->file()
-					)
-				);
-		}
+		verify_language_tag (*asset->language(), notes);
 	} else {
-		notes.push_back (
-			VerificationNote(
-				VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_SUBTITLE_LANGUAGE, *asset->file()
-				)
-			);
+		notes.push_back ({ VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_SUBTITLE_LANGUAGE, *asset->file() });
 	}
-	if (boost::filesystem::file_size(*asset->file()) > 115 * 1024 * 1024) {
+
+	auto const size = boost::filesystem::file_size(asset->file().get());
+	if (size > 115 * 1024 * 1024) {
 		notes.push_back (
-			VerificationNote(
-				VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::TIMED_TEXT_ASSET_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES, *asset->file()
-				)
+			{ VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_TIMED_TEXT_SIZE_IN_BYTES, raw_convert<string>(size), *asset->file() }
 			);
 	}
+
 	/* XXX: I'm not sure what Bv2.1_7.2.1 means when it says "the font resource shall not be larger than 10MB"
 	 * but I'm hoping that checking for the total size of all fonts being <= 10MB will do.
 	 */
@@ -709,30 +663,59 @@ verify_smpte_subtitle_asset (
 		total_size += i.second.size();
 	}
 	if (total_size > 10 * 1024 * 1024) {
-		notes.push_back (
-			VerificationNote(
-				VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::TIMED_TEXT_FONTS_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES, *asset->file()
-				)
-			);
+		notes.push_back ({ VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_TIMED_TEXT_FONT_SIZE_IN_BYTES, raw_convert<string>(total_size), asset->file().get() });
 	}
 
 	if (!asset->start_time()) {
+		notes.push_back ({ VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_SUBTITLE_START_TIME, asset->file().get() });
+	} else if (asset->start_time() != Time()) {
+		notes.push_back ({ VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_SUBTITLE_START_TIME, asset->file().get() });
+	}
+
+	if (reel_asset_duration && *reel_asset_duration != asset->intrinsic_duration()) {
 		notes.push_back (
-			VerificationNote(
-				VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_SUBTITLE_START_TIME, *asset->file())
-			);
-	} else if (asset->start_time() != dcp::Time()) {
-		notes.push_back (
-			VerificationNote(
-				VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_START_TIME_NON_ZERO, *asset->file())
-			);
+			{
+				VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR,
+				VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_TIMED_TEXT_DURATION,
+				String::compose("%1 %2", *reel_asset_duration, asset->intrinsic_duration()),
+				asset->file().get()
+			});
+	}
+}
+
+
+/** Verify SMPTE subtitle-only stuff */
+void
+verify_smpte_subtitle_asset (
+	shared_ptr<const SMPTESubtitleAsset> asset,
+	vector<VerificationNote>& notes,
+	State& state
+	)
+{
+	if (asset->language()) {
+		if (!state.subtitle_language) {
+			state.subtitle_language = *asset->language();
+		} else if (state.subtitle_language != *asset->language()) {
+			notes.push_back ({ VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_SUBTITLE_LANGUAGES });
+		}
+	}
+
+	DCP_ASSERT (asset->resource_id());
+	if (asset->resource_id().get() != asset->xml_id()) {
+		notes.push_back ({ VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_TIMED_TEXT_RESOURCE_ID });
+	}
+
+	if (asset->id() == asset->resource_id().get() || asset->id() == asset->xml_id()) {
+		notes.push_back ({ VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INCORRECT_TIMED_TEXT_ASSET_ID });
 	}
 }
 
 
+/** Verify all subtitle stuff */
 static void
 verify_subtitle_asset (
 	shared_ptr<const SubtitleAsset> asset,
+	optional<int64_t> reel_asset_duration,
 	function<void (string, optional<boost::filesystem::path>)> stage,
 	boost::filesystem::path xsd_dtd_directory,
 	vector<VerificationNote>& notes,
@@ -747,41 +730,48 @@ verify_subtitle_asset (
 
 	auto smpte = dynamic_pointer_cast<const SMPTESubtitleAsset>(asset);
 	if (smpte) {
+		verify_smpte_timed_text_asset (smpte, reel_asset_duration, notes);
 		verify_smpte_subtitle_asset (smpte, notes, state);
 	}
 }
 
 
+/** Verify all closed caption stuff */
 static void
 verify_closed_caption_asset (
 	shared_ptr<const SubtitleAsset> asset,
+	optional<int64_t> reel_asset_duration,
 	function<void (string, optional<boost::filesystem::path>)> stage,
 	boost::filesystem::path xsd_dtd_directory,
-	vector<VerificationNote>& notes,
-	State& state
+	vector<VerificationNote>& notes
 	)
 {
-	verify_subtitle_asset (asset, stage, xsd_dtd_directory, notes, state);
+	stage ("Checking closed caption XML", asset->file());
+	/* Note: we must not use SubtitleAsset::xml_as_string() here as that will mean the data on disk
+	 * gets passed through libdcp which may clean up and therefore hide errors.
+	 */
+	validate_xml (asset->raw_xml(), xsd_dtd_directory, notes);
+
+	auto smpte = dynamic_pointer_cast<const SMPTESubtitleAsset>(asset);
+	if (smpte) {
+		verify_smpte_timed_text_asset (smpte, reel_asset_duration, notes);
+	}
 
 	if (asset->raw_xml().size() > 256 * 1024) {
-		notes.push_back (
-			VerificationNote(
-				VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::CLOSED_CAPTION_XML_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES, *asset->file()
-				)
-			);
+		notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_CLOSED_CAPTION_XML_SIZE_IN_BYTES, raw_convert<string>(asset->raw_xml().size()), *asset->file()});
 	}
 }
 
 
 static
 void
-check_text_timing (
-	vector<shared_ptr<dcp::Reel>> reels,
-	optional<int> picture_frame_rate,
+verify_text_timing (
+	vector<shared_ptr<Reel>> reels,
+	int edit_rate,
 	vector<VerificationNote>& notes,
-	std::function<bool (shared_ptr<dcp::Reel>)> check,
-	std::function<string (shared_ptr<dcp::Reel>)> xml,
-	std::function<int64_t (shared_ptr<dcp::Reel>)> duration
+	std::function<bool (shared_ptr<Reel>)> check,
+	std::function<string (shared_ptr<Reel>)> xml,
+	std::function<int64_t (shared_ptr<Reel>)> duration
 	)
 {
 	/* end of last subtitle (in editable units) */
@@ -789,32 +779,39 @@ check_text_timing (
 	auto too_short = false;
 	auto too_close = false;
 	auto too_early = false;
+	auto reel_overlap = false;
 	/* current reel start time (in editable units) */
 	int64_t reel_offset = 0;
 
-	std::function<void (cxml::ConstNodePtr, int, int, bool)> parse;
-	parse = [&parse, &last_out, &too_short, &too_close, &too_early, &reel_offset](cxml::ConstNodePtr node, int tcr, int pfr, bool first_reel) {
+	std::function<void (cxml::ConstNodePtr, optional<int>, optional<Time>, int, bool)> parse;
+	parse = [&parse, &last_out, &too_short, &too_close, &too_early, &reel_offset](cxml::ConstNodePtr node, optional<int> tcr, optional<Time> start_time, int er, bool first_reel) {
 		if (node->name() == "Subtitle") {
-			dcp::Time in (node->string_attribute("TimeIn"), tcr);
-			dcp::Time out (node->string_attribute("TimeOut"), tcr);
-			if (first_reel && in < dcp::Time(0, 0, 4, 0, tcr)) {
+			Time in (node->string_attribute("TimeIn"), tcr);
+			if (start_time) {
+				in -= *start_time;
+			}
+			Time out (node->string_attribute("TimeOut"), tcr);
+			if (start_time) {
+				out -= *start_time;
+			}
+			if (first_reel && tcr && in < Time(0, 0, 4, 0, *tcr)) {
 				too_early = true;
 			}
 			auto length = out - in;
-			if (length.as_editable_units(pfr) < 15) {
+			if (length.as_editable_units_ceil(er) < 15) {
 				too_short = true;
 			}
 			if (last_out) {
 				/* XXX: this feels dubious - is it really what Bv2.1 means? */
-				auto distance = reel_offset + in.as_editable_units(pfr) - *last_out;
+				auto distance = reel_offset + in.as_editable_units_ceil(er) - *last_out;
 				if (distance >= 0 && distance < 2) {
 					too_close = true;
 				}
 			}
-			last_out = reel_offset + out.as_editable_units(pfr);
+			last_out = reel_offset + out.as_editable_units_floor(er);
 		} else {
 			for (auto i: node->node_children()) {
-				parse(i, tcr, pfr, first_reel);
+				parse(i, tcr, start_time, er, first_reel);
 			}
 		}
 	};
@@ -828,35 +825,55 @@ check_text_timing (
 		 * read in by libdcp's parser.
 		 */
 
-		auto doc = make_shared<cxml::Document>("SubtitleReel");
-		doc->read_string (xml(reels[i]));
-		auto const tcr = doc->number_child<int>("TimeCodeRate");
-		parse (doc, tcr, picture_frame_rate.get_value_or(24), i == 0);
-		reel_offset += duration(reels[i]);
+		shared_ptr<cxml::Document> doc;
+		optional<int> tcr;
+		optional<Time> start_time;
+		try {
+			doc = make_shared<cxml::Document>("SubtitleReel");
+			doc->read_string (xml(reels[i]));
+			tcr = doc->number_child<int>("TimeCodeRate");
+			auto start_time_string = doc->optional_string_child("StartTime");
+			if (start_time_string) {
+				start_time = Time(*start_time_string, tcr);
+			}
+		} catch (...) {
+			doc = make_shared<cxml::Document>("DCSubtitle");
+			doc->read_string (xml(reels[i]));
+		}
+		parse (doc, tcr, start_time, edit_rate, i == 0);
+		auto end = reel_offset + duration(reels[i]);
+		if (last_out && *last_out > end) {
+			reel_overlap = true;
+		}
+		reel_offset = end;
+	}
+
+	if (last_out && *last_out > reel_offset) {
+		reel_overlap = true;
 	}
 
 	if (too_early) {
-		notes.push_back(
-			VerificationNote(
-				VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::FIRST_TEXT_TOO_EARLY
-				)
-			);
+		notes.push_back({
+			VerificationNote::Type::WARNING, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_SUBTITLE_FIRST_TEXT_TIME
+		});
 	}
 
 	if (too_short) {
-		notes.push_back (
-			VerificationNote(
-				VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_TOO_SHORT
-				)
-			);
+		notes.push_back ({
+			VerificationNote::Type::WARNING, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_SUBTITLE_DURATION
+		});
 	}
 
 	if (too_close) {
-		notes.push_back (
-			VerificationNote(
-				VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_TOO_CLOSE
-				)
-			);
+		notes.push_back ({
+			VerificationNote::Type::WARNING, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_SUBTITLE_SPACING
+		});
+	}
+
+	if (reel_overlap) {
+		notes.push_back ({
+			VerificationNote::Type::ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::SUBTITLE_OVERLAPS_REEL_BOUNDARY
+		});
 	}
 }
 
@@ -871,7 +888,7 @@ struct LinesCharactersResult
 
 static
 void
-check_text_lines_and_characters (
+verify_text_lines_and_characters (
 	shared_ptr<SubtitleAsset> asset,
 	int warning_length,
 	int error_length,
@@ -881,18 +898,18 @@ check_text_lines_and_characters (
 	class Event
 	{
 	public:
-		Event (dcp::Time time_, float position_, int characters_)
+		Event (Time time_, float position_, int characters_)
 			: time (time_)
 			, position (position_)
 			, characters (characters_)
 		{}
 
-		Event (dcp::Time time_, shared_ptr<Event> start_)
+		Event (Time time_, shared_ptr<Event> start_)
 			: time (time_)
 			, start (start_)
 		{}
 
-		dcp::Time time;
+		Time time;
 		int position; //< position from 0 at top of screen to 100 at bottom
 		int characters;
 		shared_ptr<Event> start;
@@ -902,11 +919,11 @@ check_text_lines_and_characters (
 
 	auto position = [](shared_ptr<const SubtitleString> sub) {
 		switch (sub->v_align()) {
-		case VALIGN_TOP:
+		case VAlign::TOP:
 			return lrintf(sub->v_position() * 100);
-		case VALIGN_CENTER:
+		case VAlign::CENTER:
 			return lrintf((0.5f + sub->v_position()) * 100);
-		case VALIGN_BOTTOM:
+		case VAlign::BOTTOM:
 			return lrintf((1.0f - sub->v_position()) * 100);
 		}
 
@@ -962,40 +979,35 @@ check_text_lines_and_characters (
 
 static
 void
-check_text_timing (vector<shared_ptr<dcp::Reel>> reels, vector<VerificationNote>& notes)
+verify_text_timing (vector<shared_ptr<Reel>> reels, vector<VerificationNote>& notes)
 {
 	if (reels.empty()) {
 		return;
 	}
 
-	optional<int> picture_frame_rate;
-	if (reels[0]->main_picture()) {
-		picture_frame_rate = reels[0]->main_picture()->frame_rate().numerator;
-	}
-
 	if (reels[0]->main_subtitle()) {
-		check_text_timing (reels, picture_frame_rate, notes,
-			[](shared_ptr<dcp::Reel> reel) {
+		verify_text_timing (reels, reels[0]->main_subtitle()->edit_rate().numerator, notes,
+			[](shared_ptr<Reel> reel) {
 				return static_cast<bool>(reel->main_subtitle());
 			},
-			[](shared_ptr<dcp::Reel> reel) {
+			[](shared_ptr<Reel> reel) {
 				return reel->main_subtitle()->asset()->raw_xml();
 			},
-			[](shared_ptr<dcp::Reel> reel) {
+			[](shared_ptr<Reel> reel) {
 				return reel->main_subtitle()->actual_duration();
 			}
 		);
 	}
 
 	for (auto i = 0U; i < reels[0]->closed_captions().size(); ++i) {
-		check_text_timing (reels, picture_frame_rate, notes,
-			[i](shared_ptr<dcp::Reel> reel) {
+		verify_text_timing (reels, reels[0]->closed_captions()[i]->edit_rate().numerator, notes,
+			[i](shared_ptr<Reel> reel) {
 				return i < reel->closed_captions().size();
 			},
-			[i](shared_ptr<dcp::Reel> reel) {
+			[i](shared_ptr<Reel> reel) {
 				return reel->closed_captions()[i]->asset()->raw_xml();
 			},
-			[i](shared_ptr<dcp::Reel> reel) {
+			[i](shared_ptr<Reel> reel) {
 				return reel->closed_captions()[i]->actual_duration();
 			}
 		);
@@ -1004,7 +1016,7 @@ check_text_timing (vector<shared_ptr<dcp::Reel>> reels, vector<VerificationNote>
 
 
 void
-check_extension_metadata (shared_ptr<dcp::CPL> cpl, vector<VerificationNote>& notes)
+verify_extension_metadata (shared_ptr<CPL> cpl, vector<VerificationNote>& notes)
 {
 	DCP_ASSERT (cpl->file());
 	cxml::Document doc ("CompositionPlaylist");
@@ -1054,9 +1066,9 @@ check_extension_metadata (shared_ptr<dcp::CPL> cpl, vector<VerificationNote>& no
 	}
 
 	if (missing) {
-		notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_EXTENSION_METADATA});
+		notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_EXTENSION_METADATA, cpl->id(), cpl->file().get()});
 	} else if (!malformed.empty()) {
-		notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::INVALID_EXTENSION_METADATA, malformed});
+		notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_EXTENSION_METADATA, malformed, cpl->file().get()});
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1066,11 +1078,11 @@ pkl_has_encrypted_assets (shared_ptr<DCP> dcp, shared_ptr<PKL> pkl)
 {
 	vector<string> encrypted;
 	for (auto i: dcp->cpls()) {
-		for (auto j: i->reel_mxfs()) {
+		for (auto j: i->reel_file_assets()) {
 			if (j->asset_ref().resolved()) {
 				/* It's a bit surprising / broken but Interop subtitle assets are represented
-				 * in reels by ReelSubtitleAsset which inherits ReelMXF, so it's possible for
-				 * ReelMXFs to have assets which are not MXFs.
+				 * in reels by ReelSubtitleAsset which inherits ReelEncryptableAsset, so it's possible for
+				 * ReelEncryptableAssets to have assets which are not MXFs.
 				 */
 				if (auto asset = dynamic_pointer_cast<MXF>(j->asset_ref().asset())) {
 					if (asset->encrypted()) {
@@ -1096,43 +1108,54 @@ dcp::verify (
 	vector<boost::filesystem::path> directories,
 	function<void (string, optional<boost::filesystem::path>)> stage,
 	function<void (float)> progress,
-	boost::filesystem::path xsd_dtd_directory
+	optional<boost::filesystem::path> xsd_dtd_directory
 	)
 {
-	xsd_dtd_directory = boost::filesystem::canonical (xsd_dtd_directory);
+	if (!xsd_dtd_directory) {
+		xsd_dtd_directory = resources_directory() / "xsd";
+	}
+	*xsd_dtd_directory = boost::filesystem::canonical (*xsd_dtd_directory);
 
 	vector<VerificationNote> notes;
-	State state;
+	State state{};
 
 	vector<shared_ptr<DCP>> dcps;
 	for (auto i: directories) {
-		dcps.push_back (shared_ptr<DCP> (new DCP (i)));
+		dcps.push_back (make_shared<DCP>(i));
 	}
 
 	for (auto dcp: dcps) {
 		stage ("Checking DCP", dcp->directory());
+		bool carry_on = true;
 		try {
 			dcp->read (&notes);
+		} catch (MissingAssetmapError& e) {
+			notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::FAILED_READ, string(e.what())});
+			carry_on = false;
 		} catch (ReadError& e) {
-			notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::GENERAL_READ, string(e.what())));
+			notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::FAILED_READ, string(e.what())});
 		} catch (XMLError& e) {
-			notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::GENERAL_READ, string(e.what())));
+			notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::FAILED_READ, string(e.what())});
 		} catch (MXFFileError& e) {
-			notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::GENERAL_READ, string(e.what())));
+			notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::FAILED_READ, string(e.what())});
 		} catch (cxml::Error& e) {
-			notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::GENERAL_READ, string(e.what())));
+			notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::FAILED_READ, string(e.what())});
 		}
 
-		if (dcp->standard() != dcp::SMPTE) {
-			notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::NOT_SMPTE));
+		if (!carry_on) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (dcp->standard() != Standard::SMPTE) {
+			notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_STANDARD});
 		}
 
 		for (auto cpl: dcp->cpls()) {
 			stage ("Checking CPL", cpl->file());
-			validate_xml (cpl->file().get(), xsd_dtd_directory, notes);
+			validate_xml (cpl->file().get(), *xsd_dtd_directory, notes);
 
 			if (cpl->any_encrypted() && !cpl->all_encrypted()) {
-				notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::PARTIALLY_ENCRYPTED});
+				notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::PARTIALLY_ENCRYPTED});
 			}
 
 			for (auto const& i: cpl->additional_subtitle_languages()) {
@@ -1147,17 +1170,17 @@ dcp::verify (
 						LanguageTag::RegionSubtag test (terr);
 					} catch (...) {
 						if (terr != "001") {
-							notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::BAD_LANGUAGE, terr});
+							notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_LANGUAGE, terr});
 						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
 
-			if (dcp->standard() == dcp::SMPTE) {
+			if (dcp->standard() == Standard::SMPTE) {
 				if (!cpl->annotation_text()) {
-					notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_ANNOTATION_TEXT_IN_CPL));
+					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_CPL_ANNOTATION_TEXT, cpl->id(), cpl->file().get()});
 				} else if (cpl->annotation_text().get() != cpl->content_title_text()) {
-					notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::CPL_ANNOTATION_TEXT_DIFFERS_FROM_CONTENT_TITLE_TEXT));
+					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::WARNING, VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_CPL_ANNOTATION_TEXT, cpl->id(), cpl->file().get()});
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -1165,7 +1188,7 @@ dcp::verify (
 				/* Check that the CPL's hash corresponds to the PKL */
 				optional<string> h = i->hash(cpl->id());
 				if (h && make_digest(ArrayData(*cpl->file())) != *h) {
-					notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::CPL_HASH_INCORRECT));
+					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_CPL_HASHES, cpl->id(), cpl->file().get()});
 				}
 
 				/* Check that any PKL with a single CPL has its AnnotationText the same as the CPL's ContentTitleText */
@@ -1186,7 +1209,7 @@ dcp::verify (
 				}
 
 				if (required_annotation_text && i->annotation_text() != required_annotation_text) {
-					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::PKL_ANNOTATION_TEXT_DOES_NOT_MATCH_CPL_CONTENT_TITLE_TEXT, i->file().get()});
+					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_PKL_ANNOTATION_TEXT_WITH_CPL, i->id(), i->file().get()});
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -1205,24 +1228,24 @@ dcp::verify (
 
 				for (auto i: reel->assets()) {
 					if (i->duration() && (i->duration().get() * i->edit_rate().denominator / i->edit_rate().numerator) < 1) {
-						notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::DURATION_TOO_SMALL, i->id()));
+						notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_DURATION, i->id()});
 					}
 					if ((i->intrinsic_duration() * i->edit_rate().denominator / i->edit_rate().numerator) < 1) {
-						notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::INTRINSIC_DURATION_TOO_SMALL, i->id()));
+						notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_INTRINSIC_DURATION, i->id()});
 					}
-					auto mxf = dynamic_pointer_cast<ReelMXF>(i);
-					if (mxf && !mxf->hash()) {
-						notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_HASH, i->id()});
+					auto file_asset = dynamic_pointer_cast<ReelEncryptableAsset>(i);
+					if (file_asset && !file_asset->hash()) {
+						notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_HASH, i->id()});
 					}
 				}
 
-				if (dcp->standard() == dcp::SMPTE) {
+				if (dcp->standard() == Standard::SMPTE) {
 					boost::optional<int64_t> duration;
 					for (auto i: reel->assets()) {
 						if (!duration) {
 							duration = i->actual_duration();
 						} else if (*duration != i->actual_duration()) {
-							notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISMATCHED_ASSET_DURATION, i->id()));
+							notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_ASSET_DURATION});
 							break;
 						}
 					}
@@ -1239,7 +1262,11 @@ dcp::verify (
 					     frame_rate.numerator != 50 &&
 					     frame_rate.numerator != 60 &&
 					     frame_rate.numerator != 96)) {
-						notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::INVALID_PICTURE_FRAME_RATE));
+						notes.push_back ({
+							VerificationNote::Type::ERROR,
+							VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_PICTURE_FRAME_RATE,
+							String::compose("%1/%2", frame_rate.numerator, frame_rate.denominator)
+						});
 					}
 					/* Check asset */
 					if (reel->main_picture()->asset_ref().resolved()) {
@@ -1254,7 +1281,7 @@ dcp::verify (
 				if (reel->main_subtitle()) {
 					verify_main_subtitle_reel (reel->main_subtitle(), notes);
 					if (reel->main_subtitle()->asset_ref().resolved()) {
-						verify_subtitle_asset (reel->main_subtitle()->asset(), stage, xsd_dtd_directory, notes, state);
+						verify_subtitle_asset (reel->main_subtitle()->asset(), reel->main_subtitle()->duration(), stage, *xsd_dtd_directory, notes, state);
 					}
 					have_main_subtitle = true;
 				} else {
@@ -1264,7 +1291,7 @@ dcp::verify (
 				for (auto i: reel->closed_captions()) {
 					verify_closed_caption_reel (i, notes);
 					if (i->asset_ref().resolved()) {
-						verify_closed_caption_asset (i->asset(), stage, xsd_dtd_directory, notes, state);
+						verify_closed_caption_asset (i->asset(), i->duration(), stage, *xsd_dtd_directory, notes);
 					}
 				}
 
@@ -1278,90 +1305,93 @@ dcp::verify (
 				most_closed_captions = std::max (most_closed_captions, reel->closed_captions().size());
 			}
 
-			if (dcp->standard() == dcp::SMPTE) {
+			verify_text_timing (cpl->reels(), notes);
+
+			if (dcp->standard() == Standard::SMPTE) {
 
 				if (have_main_subtitle && have_no_main_subtitle) {
-					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MAIN_SUBTITLE_NOT_IN_ALL_REELS});
+					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_MAIN_SUBTITLE_FROM_SOME_REELS});
 				}
 
 				if (fewest_closed_captions != most_closed_captions) {
-					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::CLOSED_CAPTION_ASSET_COUNTS_DIFFER});
+					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_CLOSED_CAPTION_ASSET_COUNTS});
 				}
 
-				if (cpl->content_kind() == FEATURE) {
-					if (markers_seen.find(dcp::Marker::FFEC) == markers_seen.end()) {
-						notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_FFEC_IN_FEATURE});
+				if (cpl->content_kind() == ContentKind::FEATURE) {
+					if (markers_seen.find(Marker::FFEC) == markers_seen.end()) {
+						notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_FFEC_IN_FEATURE});
 					}
-					if (markers_seen.find(dcp::Marker::FFMC) == markers_seen.end()) {
-						notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_FFMC_IN_FEATURE});
+					if (markers_seen.find(Marker::FFMC) == markers_seen.end()) {
+						notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_FFMC_IN_FEATURE});
 					}
 				}
 
-				auto ffoc = markers_seen.find(dcp::Marker::FFOC);
+				auto ffoc = markers_seen.find(Marker::FFOC);
 				if (ffoc == markers_seen.end()) {
-					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::MISSING_FFOC});
+					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::WARNING, VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_FFOC});
 				} else if (ffoc->second.e != 1) {
-					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::INCORRECT_FFOC});
+					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::WARNING, VerificationNote::Code::INCORRECT_FFOC, raw_convert<string>(ffoc->second.e)});
 				}
 
-				auto lfoc = markers_seen.find(dcp::Marker::LFOC);
+				auto lfoc = markers_seen.find(Marker::LFOC);
 				if (lfoc == markers_seen.end()) {
-					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::MISSING_LFOC});
-				} else if (lfoc->second.as_editable_units(lfoc->second.tcr) != (cpl->reels().back()->duration() - 1)) {
-					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::INCORRECT_LFOC});
+					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::WARNING, VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_LFOC});
+				} else {
+					auto lfoc_time = lfoc->second.as_editable_units_ceil(lfoc->second.tcr);
+					if (lfoc_time != (cpl->reels().back()->duration() - 1)) {
+						notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::WARNING, VerificationNote::Code::INCORRECT_LFOC, raw_convert<string>(lfoc_time)});
+					}
 				}
 
-				check_text_timing (cpl->reels(), notes);
-
 				LinesCharactersResult result;
 				for (auto reel: cpl->reels()) {
 					if (reel->main_subtitle() && reel->main_subtitle()->asset()) {
-						check_text_lines_and_characters (reel->main_subtitle()->asset(), 52, 79, &result);
+						verify_text_lines_and_characters (reel->main_subtitle()->asset(), 52, 79, &result);
 					}
 				}
 
 				if (result.line_count_exceeded) {
-					notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::TOO_MANY_SUBTITLE_LINES));
+					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::WARNING, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_SUBTITLE_LINE_COUNT});
 				}
 				if (result.error_length_exceeded) {
-					notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_LINE_TOO_LONG));
+					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::WARNING, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_SUBTITLE_LINE_LENGTH});
 				} else if (result.warning_length_exceeded) {
-					notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_WARNING, VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_LINE_LONGER_THAN_RECOMMENDED));
+					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::WARNING, VerificationNote::Code::NEARLY_INVALID_SUBTITLE_LINE_LENGTH});
 				}
 
 				result = LinesCharactersResult();
 				for (auto reel: cpl->reels()) {
 					for (auto i: reel->closed_captions()) {
 						if (i->asset()) {
-							check_text_lines_and_characters (i->asset(), 32, 32, &result);
+							verify_text_lines_and_characters (i->asset(), 32, 32, &result);
 						}
 					}
 				}
 
 				if (result.line_count_exceeded) {
-					notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::TOO_MANY_CLOSED_CAPTION_LINES));
+					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_CLOSED_CAPTION_LINE_COUNT});
 				}
 				if (result.error_length_exceeded) {
-					notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::CLOSED_CAPTION_LINE_TOO_LONG));
+					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_CLOSED_CAPTION_LINE_LENGTH});
 				}
 
 				if (!cpl->full_content_title_text()) {
 					/* Since FullContentTitleText is assumed always to exist if there's a CompositionMetadataAsset we
 					 * can use it as a proxy for CompositionMetadataAsset's existence.
 					 */
-					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_CPL_METADATA});
+					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_CPL_METADATA, cpl->id(), cpl->file().get()});
 				} else if (!cpl->version_number()) {
-					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_CPL_METADATA_VERSION_NUMBER});
+					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_CPL_METADATA_VERSION_NUMBER, cpl->id(), cpl->file().get()});
 				}
 
-				check_extension_metadata (cpl, notes);
+				verify_extension_metadata (cpl, notes);
 
 				if (cpl->any_encrypted()) {
 					cxml::Document doc ("CompositionPlaylist");
 					DCP_ASSERT (cpl->file());
 					doc.read_file (cpl->file().get());
 					if (!doc.optional_node_child("Signature")) {
-						notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::CPL_WITH_ENCRYPTED_CONTENT_NOT_SIGNED, cpl->file().get()});
+						notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::UNSIGNED_CPL_WITH_ENCRYPTED_CONTENT, cpl->id(), cpl->file().get()});
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -1369,158 +1399,233 @@ dcp::verify (
 
 		for (auto pkl: dcp->pkls()) {
 			stage ("Checking PKL", pkl->file());
-			validate_xml (pkl->file().get(), xsd_dtd_directory, notes);
+			validate_xml (pkl->file().get(), *xsd_dtd_directory, notes);
 			if (pkl_has_encrypted_assets(dcp, pkl)) {
 				cxml::Document doc ("PackingList");
 				doc.read_file (pkl->file().get());
 				if (!doc.optional_node_child("Signature")) {
-					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::VERIFY_BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::PKL_WITH_ENCRYPTED_CONTENT_NOT_SIGNED, pkl->file().get()});
+					notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::BV21_ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::UNSIGNED_PKL_WITH_ENCRYPTED_CONTENT, pkl->id(), pkl->file().get()});
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
 		if (dcp->asset_map_path()) {
 			stage ("Checking ASSETMAP", dcp->asset_map_path().get());
-			validate_xml (dcp->asset_map_path().get(), xsd_dtd_directory, notes);
+			validate_xml (dcp->asset_map_path().get(), *xsd_dtd_directory, notes);
 		} else {
-			notes.push_back (VerificationNote(VerificationNote::VERIFY_ERROR, VerificationNote::MISSING_ASSETMAP));
+			notes.push_back ({VerificationNote::Type::ERROR, VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_ASSETMAP});
 		}
 	}
 
 	return notes;
 }
 
+
 string
-dcp::note_to_string (dcp::VerificationNote note)
+dcp::note_to_string (VerificationNote note)
 {
+	/** These strings should say what is wrong, incorporating any extra details (ID, filenames etc.).
+   	 *
+	 *  e.g. "ClosedCaption asset has no <EntryPoint> tag.",
+	 *  not "ClosedCaption assets must have an <EntryPoint> tag."
+	 *
+	 *  It's OK to use XML tag names where they are clear.
+	 *  If both ID and filename are available, use only the ID.
+	 *  End messages with a full stop.
+	 *  Messages should not mention whether or not their errors are a part of Bv2.1.
+	 */
 	switch (note.code()) {
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::GENERAL_READ:
+	case VerificationNote::Code::FAILED_READ:
 		return *note.note();
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::CPL_HASH_INCORRECT:
-		return "The hash of the CPL in the PKL does not agree with the CPL file.";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::INVALID_PICTURE_FRAME_RATE:
-		return "The picture in a reel has an invalid frame rate.";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::PICTURE_HASH_INCORRECT:
-		return dcp::String::compose("The hash of the picture asset %1 does not agree with the PKL file.", note.file()->filename());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::PKL_CPL_PICTURE_HASHES_DIFFER:
-		return dcp::String::compose("The PKL and CPL hashes differ for the picture asset %1.", note.file()->filename());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::SOUND_HASH_INCORRECT:
-		return dcp::String::compose("The hash of the sound asset %1 does not agree with the PKL file.", note.file()->filename());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::PKL_CPL_SOUND_HASHES_DIFFER:
-		return dcp::String::compose("The PKL and CPL hashes differ for the sound asset %1.", note.file()->filename());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::EMPTY_ASSET_PATH:
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_CPL_HASHES:
+		return String::compose("The hash of the CPL %1 in the PKL does not agree with the CPL file.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_PICTURE_FRAME_RATE:
+		return String::compose("The picture in a reel has an invalid frame rate %1.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INCORRECT_PICTURE_HASH:
+		return String::compose("The hash of the picture asset %1 does not agree with the PKL file.", note.file()->filename());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_PICTURE_HASHES:
+		return String::compose("The PKL and CPL hashes differ for the picture asset %1.", note.file()->filename());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INCORRECT_SOUND_HASH:
+		return String::compose("The hash of the sound asset %1 does not agree with the PKL file.", note.file()->filename());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_SOUND_HASHES:
+		return String::compose("The PKL and CPL hashes differ for the sound asset %1.", note.file()->filename());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::EMPTY_ASSET_PATH:
 		return "The asset map contains an empty asset path.";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_ASSET:
-		return String::compose("The file for an asset in the asset map cannot be found; missing file is %1.", note.file()->filename());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MISMATCHED_STANDARD:
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_ASSET:
+		return String::compose("The file %1 for an asset in the asset map cannot be found.", note.file()->filename());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_STANDARD:
 		return "The DCP contains both SMPTE and Interop parts.";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::XML_VALIDATION_ERROR:
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_XML:
 		return String::compose("An XML file is badly formed: %1 (%2:%3)", note.note().get(), note.file()->filename(), note.line().get());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_ASSETMAP:
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_ASSETMAP:
 		return "No ASSETMAP or ASSETMAP.xml was found.";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::INTRINSIC_DURATION_TOO_SMALL:
-		return String::compose("The intrinsic duration of an asset is less than 1 second long: %1", note.note().get());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::DURATION_TOO_SMALL:
-		return String::compose("The duration of an asset is less than 1 second long: %1", note.note().get());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::PICTURE_FRAME_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES:
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_INTRINSIC_DURATION:
+		return String::compose("The intrinsic duration of the asset %1 is less than 1 second.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_DURATION:
+		return String::compose("The duration of the asset %1 is less than 1 second.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_PICTURE_FRAME_SIZE_IN_BYTES:
 		return String::compose("The instantaneous bit rate of the picture asset %1 is larger than the limit of 250Mbit/s in at least one place.", note.file()->filename());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::PICTURE_FRAME_NEARLY_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES:
+	case VerificationNote::Code::NEARLY_INVALID_PICTURE_FRAME_SIZE_IN_BYTES:
 		return String::compose("The instantaneous bit rate of the picture asset %1 is close to the limit of 250Mbit/s in at least one place.", note.file()->filename());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::EXTERNAL_ASSET:
-		return String::compose("An asset that this DCP refers to is not included in the DCP.  It may be a VF.  Missing asset is %1.", note.note().get());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::NOT_SMPTE:
-		return "This DCP does not use the SMPTE standard, which is required for Bv2.1 compliance.";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::BAD_LANGUAGE:
+	case VerificationNote::Code::EXTERNAL_ASSET:
+		return String::compose("The asset %1 that this DCP refers to is not included in the DCP.  It may be a VF.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_STANDARD:
+		return "This DCP does not use the SMPTE standard.";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_LANGUAGE:
 		return String::compose("The DCP specifies a language '%1' which does not conform to the RFC 5646 standard.", note.note().get());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::PICTURE_ASSET_INVALID_SIZE_IN_PIXELS:
-		return String::compose("A picture asset's size (%1) is not one of those allowed by Bv2.1 (2048x858, 1998x1080, 4096x1716 or 3996x2160)", note.note().get());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::PICTURE_ASSET_INVALID_FRAME_RATE_FOR_2K:
-		return String::compose("A picture asset's frame rate (%1) is not one of those allowed for 2K DCPs by Bv2.1 (24, 25 or 48fps)", note.note().get());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::PICTURE_ASSET_INVALID_FRAME_RATE_FOR_4K:
-		return String::compose("A picture asset's frame rate (%1) is not 24fps as required for 4K DCPs by Bv2.1", note.note().get());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::PICTURE_ASSET_4K_3D:
-		return "3D 4K DCPs are not allowed by Bv2.1";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::CLOSED_CAPTION_XML_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES:
-		return String::compose("The XML for the closed caption asset %1 is longer than the 256KB maximum required by Bv2.1", note.file()->filename());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::TIMED_TEXT_ASSET_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES:
-		return String::compose("The total size of the timed text asset %1 is larger than the 115MB maximum required by Bv2.1", note.file()->filename());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::TIMED_TEXT_FONTS_TOO_LARGE_IN_BYTES:
-		return String::compose("The total size of the fonts in timed text asset %1 is larger than the 10MB maximum required by Bv2.1", note.file()->filename());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_SUBTITLE_LANGUAGE:
-		return String::compose("The XML for a SMPTE subtitle asset has no <Language> tag, which is required by Bv2.1", note.file()->filename());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_LANGUAGES_DIFFER:
-		return String::compose("Some subtitle assets have different <Language> tags than others", note.file()->filename());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_SUBTITLE_START_TIME:
-		return String::compose("The XML for a SMPTE subtitle asset has no <StartTime> tag, which is required by Bv2.1", note.file()->filename());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_START_TIME_NON_ZERO:
-		return String::compose("The XML for a SMPTE subtitle asset has a non-zero <StartTime> tag, which is disallowed by Bv2.1", note.file()->filename());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::FIRST_TEXT_TOO_EARLY:
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_PICTURE_SIZE_IN_PIXELS:
+		return String::compose("The size %1 of picture asset %2 is not allowed.", note.note().get(), note.file()->filename());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_PICTURE_FRAME_RATE_FOR_2K:
+		return String::compose("The frame rate %1 of picture asset %2 is not allowed for 2K DCPs.", note.note().get(), note.file()->filename());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_PICTURE_FRAME_RATE_FOR_4K:
+		return String::compose("The frame rate %1 of picture asset %2 is not allowed for 4K DCPs.", note.note().get(), note.file()->filename());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_PICTURE_ASSET_RESOLUTION_FOR_3D:
+		return "3D 4K DCPs are not allowed.";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_CLOSED_CAPTION_XML_SIZE_IN_BYTES:
+		return String::compose("The size %1 of the closed caption asset %2 is larger than the 256KB maximum.", note.note().get(), note.file()->filename());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_TIMED_TEXT_SIZE_IN_BYTES:
+		return String::compose("The size %1 of the timed text asset %2 is larger than the 115MB maximum.", note.note().get(), note.file()->filename());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_TIMED_TEXT_FONT_SIZE_IN_BYTES:
+		return String::compose("The size %1 of the fonts in timed text asset %2 is larger than the 10MB maximum.", note.note().get(), note.file()->filename());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_SUBTITLE_LANGUAGE:
+		return String::compose("The XML for the SMPTE subtitle asset %1 has no <Language> tag.", note.file()->filename());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_SUBTITLE_LANGUAGES:
+		return "Some subtitle assets have different <Language> tags than others";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_SUBTITLE_START_TIME:
+		return String::compose("The XML for the SMPTE subtitle asset %1 has no <StartTime> tag.", note.file()->filename());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_SUBTITLE_START_TIME:
+		return String::compose("The XML for a SMPTE subtitle asset %1 has a non-zero <StartTime> tag.", note.file()->filename());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_SUBTITLE_FIRST_TEXT_TIME:
 		return "The first subtitle or closed caption is less than 4 seconds from the start of the DCP.";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_TOO_SHORT:
-		return "At least one subtitle is less than the minimum of 15 frames suggested by Bv2.1";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_TOO_CLOSE:
-		return "At least one pair of subtitles are separated by less than the the minimum of 2 frames suggested by Bv2.1";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::TOO_MANY_SUBTITLE_LINES:
-		return "There are more than 3 subtitle lines in at least one place in the DCP, which Bv2.1 advises against.";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_LINE_LONGER_THAN_RECOMMENDED:
-		return "There are more than 52 characters in at least one subtitle line, which Bv2.1 advises against.";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_LINE_TOO_LONG:
-		return "There are more than 79 characters in at least one subtitle line, which Bv2.1 strongly advises against.";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::TOO_MANY_CLOSED_CAPTION_LINES:
-		return "There are more than 3 closed caption lines in at least one place, which is disallowed by Bv2.1";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::CLOSED_CAPTION_LINE_TOO_LONG:
-		return "There are more than 32 characters in at least one closed caption line, which is disallowed by Bv2.1";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::INVALID_SOUND_FRAME_RATE:
-		return "A sound asset has a sampling rate other than 48kHz, which is disallowed by Bv2.1";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_ANNOTATION_TEXT_IN_CPL:
-		return "The CPL has no <AnnotationText> tag, which is required by Bv2.1";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::CPL_ANNOTATION_TEXT_DIFFERS_FROM_CONTENT_TITLE_TEXT:
-		return "The CPL's <AnnotationText> differs from its <ContentTitleText>, which Bv2.1 advises against.";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MISMATCHED_ASSET_DURATION:
-		return "All assets in a reel do not have the same duration, which is required by Bv2.1";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MAIN_SUBTITLE_NOT_IN_ALL_REELS:
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_SUBTITLE_DURATION:
+		return "At least one subtitle lasts less than 15 frames.";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_SUBTITLE_SPACING:
+		return "At least one pair of subtitles is separated by less than 2 frames.";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::SUBTITLE_OVERLAPS_REEL_BOUNDARY:
+		return "At least one subtitle extends outside of its reel.";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_SUBTITLE_LINE_COUNT:
+		return "There are more than 3 subtitle lines in at least one place in the DCP.";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::NEARLY_INVALID_SUBTITLE_LINE_LENGTH:
+		return "There are more than 52 characters in at least one subtitle line.";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_SUBTITLE_LINE_LENGTH:
+		return "There are more than 79 characters in at least one subtitle line.";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_CLOSED_CAPTION_LINE_COUNT:
+		return "There are more than 3 closed caption lines in at least one place.";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_CLOSED_CAPTION_LINE_LENGTH:
+		return "There are more than 32 characters in at least one closed caption line.";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_SOUND_FRAME_RATE:
+		return String::compose("The sound asset %1 has a sampling rate of %2", note.file()->filename(), note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_CPL_ANNOTATION_TEXT:
+		return String::compose("The CPL %1 has no <AnnotationText> tag.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_CPL_ANNOTATION_TEXT:
+		return String::compose("The CPL %1 has an <AnnotationText> which differs from its <ContentTitleText>", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_ASSET_DURATION:
+		return "All assets in a reel do not have the same duration.";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_MAIN_SUBTITLE_FROM_SOME_REELS:
 		return "At least one reel contains a subtitle asset, but some reel(s) do not";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::CLOSED_CAPTION_ASSET_COUNTS_DIFFER:
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_CLOSED_CAPTION_ASSET_COUNTS:
 		return "At least one reel has closed captions, but reels have different numbers of closed caption assets.";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_SUBTITLE_ENTRY_POINT:
-		return "Subtitle assets must have an <EntryPoint> tag.";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::SUBTITLE_ENTRY_POINT_NON_ZERO:
-		return "Subtitle assets must have an <EntryPoint> of 0.";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_CLOSED_CAPTION_ENTRY_POINT:
-		return "Closed caption assets must have an <EntryPoint> tag.";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::CLOSED_CAPTION_ENTRY_POINT_NON_ZERO:
-		return "Closed caption assets must have an <EntryPoint> of 0.";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_HASH:
-		return String::compose("An asset is missing a <Hash> tag: %1", note.note().get());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_FFEC_IN_FEATURE:
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_SUBTITLE_ENTRY_POINT:
+		return String::compose("The subtitle asset %1 has no <EntryPoint> tag.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INCORRECT_SUBTITLE_ENTRY_POINT:
+		return String::compose("The subtitle asset %1 has an <EntryPoint> other than 0.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_CLOSED_CAPTION_ENTRY_POINT:
+		return String::compose("The closed caption asset %1 has no <EntryPoint> tag.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INCORRECT_CLOSED_CAPTION_ENTRY_POINT:
+		return String::compose("The closed caption asset %1 has an <EntryPoint> other than 0.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_HASH:
+		return String::compose("The asset %1 has no <Hash> tag in the CPL.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_FFEC_IN_FEATURE:
 		return "The DCP is marked as a Feature but there is no FFEC (first frame of end credits) marker";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_FFMC_IN_FEATURE:
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_FFMC_IN_FEATURE:
 		return "The DCP is marked as a Feature but there is no FFMC (first frame of moving credits) marker";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_FFOC:
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_FFOC:
 		return "There should be a FFOC (first frame of content) marker";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_LFOC:
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_LFOC:
 		return "There should be a LFOC (last frame of content) marker";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::INCORRECT_FFOC:
-		return "The FFOC marker should bet set to 1";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::INCORRECT_LFOC:
-		return "The LFOC marker should be set to 1 less than the duration of the last reel";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_CPL_METADATA:
-		return "There should be a <CompositionMetadataAsset> tag";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_CPL_METADATA_VERSION_NUMBER:
-		return "The CPL metadata must contain a <VersionNumber>";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::MISSING_EXTENSION_METADATA:
-		return "The CPL metadata must contain <ExtensionMetadata>";
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::INVALID_EXTENSION_METADATA:
-		return String::compose("The <ExtensionMetadata> is malformed in some way: %1", note.note().get());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::CPL_WITH_ENCRYPTED_CONTENT_NOT_SIGNED:
-		return String::compose("The CPL %1, which has encrypted content, is not signed", note.file()->filename());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::PKL_WITH_ENCRYPTED_CONTENT_NOT_SIGNED:
-		return String::compose("The PKL %1, which has encrypted content, is not signed", note.file()->filename());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::PKL_ANNOTATION_TEXT_DOES_NOT_MATCH_CPL_CONTENT_TITLE_TEXT:
-		return String::compose("The PKL %1 has only one CPL but its <AnnotationText> does not match the CPL's <ContentTitleText>", note.file()->filename());
-	case dcp::VerificationNote::PARTIALLY_ENCRYPTED:
-		return "Some assets are encrypted but some are not";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INCORRECT_FFOC:
+		return String::compose("The FFOC marker is %1 instead of 1", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INCORRECT_LFOC:
+		return String::compose("The LFOC marker is %1 instead of 1 less than the duration of the last reel.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_CPL_METADATA:
+		return String::compose("The CPL %1 has no <CompositionMetadataAsset> tag.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_CPL_METADATA_VERSION_NUMBER:
+		return String::compose("The CPL %1 has no <VersionNumber> in its <CompositionMetadataAsset>.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_EXTENSION_METADATA:
+		return String::compose("The CPL %1 has no <ExtensionMetadata> in its <CompositionMetadataAsset>.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_EXTENSION_METADATA:
+		return String::compose("The CPL %1 has a malformed <ExtensionMetadata> (%2).", note.file()->filename(), note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::UNSIGNED_CPL_WITH_ENCRYPTED_CONTENT:
+		return String::compose("The CPL %1, which has encrypted content, is not signed.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::UNSIGNED_PKL_WITH_ENCRYPTED_CONTENT:
+		return String::compose("The PKL %1, which has encrypted content, is not signed.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_PKL_ANNOTATION_TEXT_WITH_CPL:
+		return String::compose("The PKL %1 has only one CPL but its <AnnotationText> does not match the CPL's <ContentTitleText>.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::PARTIALLY_ENCRYPTED:
+		return "Some assets are encrypted but some are not.";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_JPEG2000_CODESTREAM:
+		return String::compose("The JPEG2000 codestream for at least one frame is invalid (%1)", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_JPEG2000_GUARD_BITS_FOR_2K:
+		return String::compose("The JPEG2000 codestream uses %1 guard bits in a 2K image instead of 1.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_JPEG2000_GUARD_BITS_FOR_4K:
+		return String::compose("The JPEG2000 codestream uses %1 guard bits in a 4K image instead of 2.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_JPEG2000_TILE_SIZE:
+		return "The JPEG2000 tile size is not the same as the image size.";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_JPEG2000_CODE_BLOCK_WIDTH:
+		return String::compose("The JPEG2000 codestream uses a code block width of %1 instead of 32.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_JPEG2000_CODE_BLOCK_HEIGHT:
+		return String::compose("The JPEG2000 codestream uses a code block height of %1 instead of 32.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INCORRECT_JPEG2000_POC_MARKER_COUNT_FOR_2K:
+		return String::compose("%1 POC markers found in 2K JPEG2000 codestream instead of 0.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INCORRECT_JPEG2000_POC_MARKER_COUNT_FOR_4K:
+		return String::compose("%1 POC markers found in 4K JPEG2000 codestream instead of 1.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INCORRECT_JPEG2000_POC_MARKER:
+		return String::compose("Incorrect POC marker content found (%1)", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_JPEG2000_POC_MARKER_LOCATION:
+		return "POC marker found outside main header";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_JPEG2000_TILE_PARTS_FOR_2K:
+		return String::compose("The JPEG2000 codestream has %1 tile parts in a 2K image instead of 3.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INVALID_JPEG2000_TILE_PARTS_FOR_4K:
+		return String::compose("The JPEG2000 codestream has %1 tile parts in a 4K image instead of 6.", note.note().get());
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISSING_JPEG200_TLM_MARKER:
+		return "No TLM marker was found in a JPEG2000 codestream.";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_TIMED_TEXT_RESOURCE_ID:
+		return "The Resource ID in a timed text MXF did not match the ID of the contained XML.";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::INCORRECT_TIMED_TEXT_ASSET_ID:
+		return "The Asset ID in a timed text MXF is the same as the Resource ID or that of the contained XML.";
+	case VerificationNote::Code::MISMATCHED_TIMED_TEXT_DURATION:
+	{
+		vector<string> parts;
+		boost::split (parts, note.note().get(), boost::is_any_of(" "));
+		DCP_ASSERT (parts.size() == 2);
+		return String::compose("The reel duration of some timed text (%1) is not the same as the ContainerDuration of its MXF (%2).", parts[0], parts[1]);
+	}
 	}
 
 	return "";
 }
+
+
+bool
+dcp::operator== (dcp::VerificationNote const& a, dcp::VerificationNote const& b)
+{
+	return a.type() == b.type() && a.code() == b.code() && a.note() == b.note() && a.file() == b.file() && a.line() == b.line();
+}
+
+
+std::ostream&
+dcp::operator<< (std::ostream& s, dcp::VerificationNote const& note)
+{
+	s << note_to_string (note);
+	if (note.note()) {
+		s << " [" << note.note().get() << "]";
+	}
+	if (note.file()) {
+		s << " [" << note.file().get() << "]";
+	}
+	if (note.line()) {
+		s << " [" << note.line().get() << "]";
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+